自然魔法师：神奇的表面张力

项目名称： 自然魔法师：神奇的表面张力

项目编号： No.11320003

项目类型： 专项基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 刘建林

作者单位： 中国石油大学（华东）

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 毛细力或表面张力等“非经典力”常能够以很微弱的作用引起大量的新奇现象，如荷叶的表面、蝴蝶和蝉的翅膀不容易被雨水沾湿，水鸟能通过新的毛细机制摄食，水黾在水面能够自由跑跳等。各种毛细现象也与人们的衣食住行息息相关，在冶金、石油回收、化妆品涂布、农药配制、镀层与涂层、矿物的浮选、微纳米测量等领域都起着重要作用。自然界中丰富多彩的毛细和浸润现象启发了人类的灵感，使他们通过“向自然学习”，进而仿生、制造出很多新奇的产品，从而产生了表面仿生学这一前沿交叉学科。但到目前为止，尚未能有一本通俗易懂的科普读物能够让读者领略到毛细和浸润现象的神奇之处。已出版的涉及到表面张力方面的著作大都专业性极强，用到了大量的专业术语和公式推导，因而常常让很多读者望而生畏。本书摒弃了复杂的数学描述，通过大量的精美图片向读者展示一个关于毛细和浸润的神奇世界，并拟以通俗易懂的语言来阐明这些现象背后蕴藏的物理机制。

中文关键词： 毛细现象；浸润；表面张力；尺寸效应；粘附

英文摘要： Although with weak magnitudes, non-conventional forces, such as capillary force or surface tension of liquid, can cause a plethora of novel phenomena in nature. For instance, the lotus leaves capture excellent capability of self-cleaning, which is termed as “lotus effect”; butterflies and cicadas are able to fly in raining days and their wings are safe when exposed to water; shorebirds utilize the feeding mechanism of surface tension-induced transportation of prey, with its beak in a tweezering motion and ratchet effect; water striders can walk on water surfaces without effort. Capillary phenomena are normally related with our daily life, which hold great potential applications in so many fields, such as metallurgy, petroleum recycling, cosmetics deposition, pesticide production, coating and film, mineral flotation, micro- and nano-measurement. Based upon the inspirations of these colorful capillary and wetting phenomena in nature, we can learn from nature, then design and fabricate some new products, which lays the foundation of the cutting-edged subject. However, so far, there hasn’t been a book which is popular and easy to understand on capillary and wetting behaviors. Most of the published books dealing with surface tension are strongly professional, accompanied by a large amount of terminologies and formul

英文关键词： capillary phenomenon；wetting；surface tension；size effect；adhesion