黑翅土白蚁和黄翅大白蚁差异化利用林地生物质的微生物学机理研究

项目名称： 黑翅土白蚁和黄翅大白蚁差异化利用林地生物质的微生物学机理研究

项目编号： No.31500528

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 李鸿杰

作者单位： 浙江大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 开发利用白蚁共生系统的木质纤维素降解酶系、菌系一直是科学研究热点。目前在木食性白蚁已取得突破，获得一些可高效转化生物质的微生物和酶制剂。鉴于白蚁食性的多样性及植物原料中次生物质和化学结构的复杂性，开展不同食性白蚁的比较研究对进一步发展生物质转化意义重大。培菌白蚁是我国南方苗圃地和新造林地中重要害虫，它在巢内菌圃上培养鸡枞菌来帮助自身降解植物食料。生物学观测表明培菌白蚁中黄翅大白蚁喜食阔叶类落叶，黑翅土白蚁则不取食阔叶类落叶而喜食立木或枯枝。为探明上述白蚁食性差异内在机制，本项目拟基于课题组建立的培菌白蚁室内饲养系统，通过核磁共振和高通量测序等方法研究上述两类白蚁的菌圃微生物，阐明菌圃微生物对次生物质和化学结构降解能力的差异，解析微生物类群对植物原料的响应。该研究将可解析菌圃微生物帮助宿主占据独特生态位的机理，也将为枯枝落叶等农林废弃物资源化利用及开发林地白蚁防治新技术提供思路。

中文关键词： 培菌白蚁；食性；木质纤维素；植物次生物质；菌圃微生物

英文摘要： Increasing attention has been paid to exploring lignocellulolytic enzymes and microbes from termites and their symbiotic systems for potential uses in conversion of lignocellulose into biofuels. To date, the wood-feeding termite has been well explored and high quantity of enzymes or microbes have been mined thereof. However, due to the dietary differences of different termite groups, and the various secondary metabolites and lignocellulosic structures in plant materials, comparable study of termites with different feeding-habits is needed. Fungus-growing termites specifically cultivate Termitomyces spp. on their fungus comb, which could pre-degrade lignocellulose for their host. Moreover, fungus-growing termites demonstrate different feeding habits, in which Macrotermes barneyi prefers hardwood litter while Odontotermes formosanus prefers branches or living trees. Here, based on our laboratory artificial rearing system for fungus-growing termite and by using pyrosequencing, NMR technology etc., symbiotic roles of their fungus comb microbes in degradation of plant secondary metabolite and lignocellulosic structure were studied, microbial community corresponding to different plant materials were investigated. These results could not only provide a good quantity of novel strains with potential use in litter utilization, but also provide evidences for probing symbiotic mechanisms underlying termite host ecological niche, and are critical to improving termite control.

英文关键词： Fungus-growing termite;Feeding habit;Lignocellulose;Plant secondary metabolite;Fungus comb microbe