卫星极化雷达林火监测研究

项目名称： 卫星极化雷达林火监测研究

项目编号： No.41271430

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 张永红

作者单位： 中国测绘科学研究院

项目金额： 75万元

中文摘要： 林火是森林生态系统的重要干扰因子，准确地掌握林火信息对于森林资源的科学管理、环境保护及碳循环研究都有重要意义。卫星遥感是获取大范围林火信息的唯一可行手段。合成孔径雷达（SAR）对散射体的空间结构非常敏感，能提供光学和红外遥感无法获得的关于林火的独特信息。现有SAR林火监测方法绝大多数基于后向散射强度分析，没有充分利用极化测量的优势。本项目以新一代星载极化SAR RadarSat-2影像为主要数据源，从过火林地后向散射机制变化出发，研究基于极化特征分析的卫星SAR林火燃烧面积提取方法，建立极化SAR燃烧强度定量估计模型，开发极化SAR林火监测软件原型系统，为国内外林火遥感和相关生态学研究提供技术和应用基础。

中文关键词： 合成孔径雷达；林火；极化；燃烧面积；燃烧强度

英文摘要： Fire is an important disturbance factor for global forest ecosystem. It is of great significance to acquire accurate information on forest fire activity, such as the timing, location, severity, burnt area and frequency of fires, for informative forest management, environment protection and carbon cycling. Satellite remote sensing is recognized the only means to provide such kind of information over large areas. Visible/near infrared and thermal remote sensing has been used for forest fire characterization for over two decades, and many fire products based on optical remote sensing has appeared. In comparison, forest fire characterization with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is far to be matured. In fact, SAR is very sensitive to the spatial structure of the scatterers, and can provide some unique information about forest fires which can not be observed with optical and thermal sensors. Current researches about forest fire mapping with microwave remote sensing use mainly the magnitude or intensity of SAR images, and have not fully explored the rich information carried by SAR polarization images. This project will study the methods of forest fire characterization with satellite polarized SAR images through analyzing the variation of backscattering mechanism of fire-affected forests. The quad-polarization SAR images

英文关键词： SAR；forest fire；polarimetry；burned area；burn severity