基于视频图像处理的神经导航空间配准方法研究

项目名称： 基于视频图像处理的神经导航空间配准方法研究

项目编号： No.81471758

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 医药、卫生

项目作者： 王满宁

作者单位： 复旦大学

项目金额： 70万元

中文摘要： 目前神经导航系统主要使用点匹配方法进行病人空间与图像空间的配准，但由于点匹配的固有特点及需要使用人工标记物，其配准精度越来越不能满足临床需求，且应用成本较高、操作复杂。面匹配是神经导航空间配准技术的发展趋势，现有的几种面匹配方法使用激光扫描仪在病人空间获取头部表面点云，但所获点云仅代表部分表面结构，故配准精度不高，临床应用很少。本项目基于计算机视觉领域的三维立体重建技术，使用摄像机通过视频图像处理实现一种高精度、低成本、操作方便的神经导航空间配准新方法。我们首先基于传统的空间配准技术框架（即先提取两个空间中的特征结构，再通过匹配对应结构实现空间配准），研究新的从视频帧中利用极线约束和头部先验结构模型约束重建头部表面点云的方法，并进行初始面匹配；然后突破传统技术框架，提出新的理论和方法，在不显式地提取病人空间表面结构的情况下直接进行配准，利用头部表面整体结构信息进一步提高空间配准精度。

中文关键词： 神经导航；手术导航；空间配准；医学图像处理；计算机视觉

英文摘要： Currently, most neuronavigation systems use point matching approach to register image space and patient space, which is inaccurate, complicated and expensive due to the inherent characteristics of the point matching algorithm and the use of artificial fiducial markers. The developing trend of spatial registration of neuronavigation is to replace the point matching approach with surface matching approach. There are several surface matching techniques that use Laser Range Scanner (LRS) to obtain a point cloud of the patient's head surface in the patient space, but they are not accurate enough because of the limitation of the number and the distribution of the points obtained. Therefore, LRS based surface matching apporach is not widely used. In this project, we introduce the srereo reconstruction technique in the computer vision area into the spatial registration research of neuronavigation, and propose a new accurate, low-cost and easy-to-use surface matching approach using a video camera. First, we use the traditional spatial registration framework (which first reconstructs featured structures in the two spaces to be registered and then registers the two spaces by matching corresponding structures) and study new methods to obtain the point cloud of the patient's head surface in the patient space using stereo recontruction with epipolar constraint and the constraint of a prior structural model. Then, we break the traditional framework of spatial registration with theoretical and technical innovation to register the two spaces without reconstructing the surface of the patient's head in the patient space. In our new spatial registration framework, we use more structual information of the patient's head surface to improve the registration accuracy.

英文关键词： neuronavigation;image-guided surgery;spatial registration;medical image processing;computer vision