锂离子电池三维中空锡合金/高分子膜核壳纳米线阵列电极的构建和稳定化研究

项目名称： 锂离子电池三维中空锡合金/高分子膜核壳纳米线阵列电极的构建和稳定化研究

项目编号： No.51273145

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 许鑫华

作者单位： 天津大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 三维锡基纳米线阵列电极对发展高容量和大功率锂离子电池有重要的价值，但三维结构稳定性差和锡锂合金化过程中体积膨胀造成的充放电循环寿命低限制了其应用。本项目从三维锡基纳米线阵列负极的稳定化出发，设计了高分子纳米膜包覆的中空锡合金纳米线核壳结构，利用中空结构和高分子壳的柔性，缓解锡在充放电过程中体积变化，同时利用高分子膜阻止三维纳米线阵列电极由于形变导致的破坏。揭示中空锡合金/高分子膜三维核壳结构纳米线阵列负极组成、结构，核和壳材料的模量与充放电过程中电极体积变化、稳定性以及电化学性能之间的内在关系，探讨其作用机制。在此基础上，构建高分子电解质膜与三维锡纳米线阵列一体化相结合的复合电极，以构筑稳定的电极与电解质界面，进一步探讨高分子电解质与金属纳米线电极界面相容性，传质以及电荷传递等一系列复杂过程，揭示电解质膜的离子传输机理。

中文关键词： 锂离子电池；三维中空纳米结构；锡基负极材料；稳定化；电流置换

英文摘要： Three-dimensional (3D) Sn alloy nanowire array is of great significance for the development of high-capacity and high-power lithium-ion battery. However, the application is limited by the poor stability of 3D nanostructure and large volume change caused by the alloying process of Sn and Li. Accordingly, in the present research, polymer nanomembrance/hollow Sn alloy nanowrie core-shell nanostructure array is developed to improve the stability. Hollow nanostructure and polymer are used to relieve the volume change during the charging and discharging process, and polymer nanomembrance can be also used to prevent the deformation caused by the interconnection among nanowries. The effects of the composition, structure and modulus of the polymer nanomembrance/hollow Sn alloy nanowrie core-shell array materials on the volume change, stability and electrochemical performance are studied, and the mechanism is explored. Based on this, the composite electrode of the hollow Sn nanowrie/polymer electrolyte membrane core-shell nanostructure array is proposed to consult the stable interface between the anode and electrolyte. The interface compatility between polymer electrolyte and metal nanowires electrode interface and a series of complex processes such as mass transfer, surface reaction and charge tranfer are further studied

英文关键词： lithium-ion batteries；three-dimensional hollow nanostructures；tin-based anode materials；stabilization；galvanic displacement