黄土高原小流域吸附态非点源污染过程模拟与调控研究

项目名称： 黄土高原小流域吸附态非点源污染过程模拟与调控研究

项目编号： No.51309194

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 水利工程

项目作者： 吴磊

作者单位： 西北农林科技大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 黄土高原水土流失区土壤氮磷流失，不仅降低了化肥的利用率，对水环境也存在潜在的威胁；为探索黄土区小流域吸附态非点源污染过程，本项目以典型小流域为研究对象，以不同土地利用类型为研究单元，从黄土区超渗产流和侵蚀条件入手，构建黄土区小流域吸附态非点源污染动态联合模拟方法，系统研究水文过程、土壤侵蚀过程与吸附态非点源污染过程的分布式耦合响应；结合野外监测，阐明黄土区典型小流域水土流失型非点源污染形成过程，揭示泥沙携带非点源氮磷运移机理，估算不同农业种植结构优化对黄土区小流域吸附态氮磷流失的消减效果，评价种植结构变化对氮磷流失的影响，提出一套较完整的黄土区小流域水土流失型非点源污染模拟与调控方法框架。该研究将形成较为系统的黄土区小流域水土流失型非点源污染分布式联合模拟方法，丰富非点源污染模型理论体系，为实现黄土高原多尺度流域水土流失型非点源污染的分布式模拟研究提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 吸附态氮磷流失；土壤侵蚀；分布式模拟；动态模型；黄土高原

英文摘要： Loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and water loss area of the Loess Plateau not only reduces the utilization rate of fertilizer, but also is a potential threat to aquatic environments. In order to explore the process of nonpoint source pollution of soil and water loss type in the watershed of Loess Plateau, this study focuses on different land use types in a typical small watershed, and takes infiltration excess runoff and soil erosion condition as starting point, to (1) establish a distributed, watershed-based, dynamic simulation method of adsorbed nonpoint source pollution in the Loess Plateau and investigate the distributed coupling effects of processes of hydrology, soil erosion and adsorbed nonpoint source pollution; (2) classify the formation process of non point source pollution of soil and water loss type; (3) reveal the transport mechanism of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus on the basis of field observations and estimate subtractive effects of the agricultural planting structure on loss of soil nitrogen and phosphorus; and (4) present a more complete simulation and regulatory framework of adsorbed nonpoint source pollution in a small watershed of the Loess Plateau. This study will improve the theory of adsorbed nonpoint source pollution model, and provide theoretical basis for the distributed simu

英文关键词： Loss of adsorbed nitrogen and phosphorus；soil erosion；distributed simulation；dynamic model；Loess Plateau