拟南芥AtFRO1基因调控减数分裂同源染色体重组的分子机制

项目名称： 拟南芥AtFRO1基因调控减数分裂同源染色体重组的分子机制

项目编号： No.31470280

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 陆平利

作者单位： 复旦大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 减数分裂同源染色体重组既保证了同源染色体的正确分离和功能配子的正常形成，又增加了配子之间的遗传多样性。因此，深入理解减数分裂同源染色体重组的分子机制，对于生殖发育学和遗传育种学都有重要意义。本项目通过筛选拟南芥突变体发现了一个在育性和同源染色体重组方面表型都十分新颖的突变体，命名为Atfro1。该突变体在生殖发育前中期表现为完全不育，到后期育性则恢复。染色体行为分析表明突变体在中期I向后期I转变过程中出现片段化染色体。以上两种表型还未见在已有减数分裂突变体中报道，暗示AtFRO1为一新重组基因，且初步遗传定位分析也支持这一结论。本项目拟采用遗传学、分子和细胞生物学、免疫学、基因组学和转录组学等方法，首先对AtFRO1基因的定位和功能进行全面研究，以揭示其参与减数分裂同源重组的分子机制；进而以突变体后期育性恢复这一特殊表型为契机，综合研究多细胞真核生物减数分裂同源重组可塑性的分子调控机。

中文关键词： 拟南芥；AtFRO1；减数分裂；重组；分子机制

英文摘要： Meiotic recombination is not only required for the accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I, ensuring the functional gamete formation, but increases genetic variations among daughter cells due to chromosome exchanges. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the molecular mechanism of meiotic recombination is very important for both reproductive biology and genetic breeding. Through high-throughput genetic screening, we found one highly interesting mutant, named Atfro1, with distinct phenotypes in fertility defects and meiotic chromosome behaviors. At early reproductive stage, the mutant is completely sterile. However, at late stage, its fertility will be gradually recovered, even fully restored. Chromosome behaviors analyses indicated that during the transition from metaphase I to anaphase I, plenty of fragment chromosomes were observed. Those novel phenotypes suggest that AtFRO1 is a potentially new gene involved in meiotic recombination. Further genetic and sequencing mapping data confirmed this conclusion. In this project, we are planning to integrately use approaches in genetics, molecular and cellular biology, immunology, genomics and transcriptomics to clone and analyze AtFRO1 function, revealing the molecular mechanism regulated by AtFRO1. More importantly, benefiting from the special phenotype of fertility restored at late stage, we obtained the unique opportunity to investigate the possible remodelling mechanism of meiotic recombination in multiple cellular eukaryotes.

英文关键词： Arabidopsis;AtFRO1;meiosis;recombination;molecular mechanism