殷墟玉器的玉料来源、加工工艺与受沁机制

项目名称： 殷墟玉器的玉料来源、加工工艺与受沁机制

项目编号： No.U1432243

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王昌燧

作者单位： 中国科学院大学

项目金额： 300万元

中文摘要： 玉石是一种极其重要的矿物。早在八千年前，华夏先民即掌握了开采玉料、加工玉器的技术，而如今，玉器已从神器、王器转化价值不菲的装饰品，其重要性应不言而喻。晚商都城殷墟遗址出土了大量玉器，其影响之大，可与殷墟的刻辞甲骨、青铜器相媲美。然而，如此重要的文物种类、矿物资源，其科学研究却颇为罕见。利用同步辐射Micro-CT、XAFS、SRXRF以及PIXE、LA-ICP-MS、超景深显微镜等技术，无损或微损分析殷墟玉器，配以适当的取样分析，以揭示其玉料来源、加工工艺和受沁机制。在此基础上，探讨殷墟玉匠辨别玉料的水平，展现他们高超的玉器钻孔、雕琢工艺，有关成果对于弘扬华夏文明、实现民族复兴皆具有不可低估的作用。不难认识到，探明殷墟玉器的受沁机制，将为它们的妥善保护提供科学依据，并可从一个侧面揭示殷墟的埋藏环境。而对比分析商周不同时期出土玉器的玉料组成和加工工艺，则可望勾勒商周时期制玉工艺的发展过程

中文关键词： 殷墟玉器；玉料来源；加工工艺；受沁机制；同步辐射

英文摘要： Jade is an important mineral. Long before bp8000, ancient Chinese people had mastered the technology of mining jade material and processing. Today, jade ware have transformed from Artifacts into invaluable ornamentations, whose importance is self-evident. A large amount of jade wares have been found in Yinxu, being the capital of Late Shang Dynasty, and they are as important as inscribed oracles and bronze wares. However, there are fewer scientific research about so important cultural relics. This project will use SR micro-CT, XAFS, SRXRF, PIXE, LA-ICP-MS and digital stereo microscope to analyze jade wares from Yinxu with non-destructive or micro-destructive mode. In combination with sampling, theprovenance, processing technology and weathering mechanism of jade will be disclosed. Based on the results, the capacity of ancient craftsman from Yinxu to identify raw jade material will be discussed to show their excelling drilling and carving technology. The results will have a great effect to promote the spread of China culture and revitalization of China. It isn't hard to recognize that the explanation of wreathing mechanism of Yinxu jade will provide scientific base for their protection and bury environment. Furthermore, in comparison with processing technology and raw materials of jade wares from Shang and Zhou Dynasty, we could outline the development of jade manufacture during Shang-Zhou period.

英文关键词： Jade from Yinxu;Provenance of jade material;processing technology;Weathering mechanism;Synchrotron Radiation