一种新的昆虫耐寒性指标模型的构建及应用

项目名称： 一种新的昆虫耐寒性指标模型的构建及应用

项目编号： No.31300347

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张永生

作者单位： 湖南农业大学

项目金额： 24万元

中文摘要： 昆虫的耐寒性强弱对害虫预测预报及防治起着重要作用，是昆虫生态学研究的重要内容之一。本研究从热力学能量角度出发，定义了过冷却曲线、过冷却热量、昆虫比热容量等新概念，构建了一种新的定量评价昆虫耐寒性的指标模型-过冷却热量法。该方法具有简便、准确定量、反映因素多（除温度和时间外，还反映了体重等生理因素，甚至隐含了昆虫体内物质组成成分的特性）、能够定量评价昆虫个体耐寒性等特点。并从以下方面进行应用与验证：1）昆虫耐寒性强弱的定量比较，包括同类昆虫、不同类昆虫之间的比较；2）环境变化对昆虫耐寒性的影响及其规律，包括昆虫低温驯化、快速冷驯化、滞育对耐寒性的影响规律，以及不同发育阶段、不同地理种群、季节性变化的耐寒性差异规律。以期建立一种新的评价标准体系，为昆虫耐寒性的评价、生理生化机制等方面深入研究提供一个全新的思路。

中文关键词： 昆虫；耐寒性；过冷却点；评价指标；方法

英文摘要： As one of significant content in insect ecology, the insect cold hardiness plays an important role in the forecast and control of pest insects. From thermodynamic energy, we will define the new concepts including supercooling curve, supercooling heat, specific heat capacity for insect, etc, and construct a new model to quantitatively evaluate the index for insect cold hardiness-supercooling heat method, which could quantitatively evaluate the cold hardiness for individual insect and reflect multiple factors (except the temperature and time factors, it also reflects the physiologies factors like weight, and even implicates the character of material composition in insect) with simplification and accuracy .We will apply and verify it in following aspects: 1) the quantitative evaluation of cold hardiness among similar and different insects; 2) the influence and corresponding law of the environmental changes to insect cold hardiness, which include cold acclimation, fast cold domestication, diapauses, different developmental stage and geographical population, and seasonal changes. Finally, we expect to construct a new evaluation standard system to further research the physiological and biochemical mechanism and evaluate the insect cold hardiness.

英文关键词： insect；cold hardiness；SCPs；evaluation index；method