长江口深水航道大风骤淤预测研究

项目名称： 长江口深水航道大风骤淤预测研究

项目编号： No.41206072

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 海洋科学

项目作者： 孔令双

作者单位： 上海河口海岸科学研究中心

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 长江口地处太平洋西岸，东濒东海，每年遭遇大风（台风）侵袭的次数较多。长江口海床为粉沙性淤泥质，在大风天容易造成航道骤淤，每次大风的骤淤量达到几百万方，是长江口深水航道淤积量的重要组成部分。长江口深水航道大风骤淤的预测是一个非常复杂而关键的问题。本研究以现场资料为基础，通过数值模拟、室内试验和理论分析等手段开展下列内容的研究：1搜集、整理、分析长江口北槽航道大风骤淤及水文、气象等资料，总结影响航道骤淤的主要因子；2开展长江口泥沙沉降和起动试验研究，分析泥沙沉降和起动特性对航道骤淤的影响；3进行大风引起的波浪场数值模拟，分析不同风速、风时、风向对波浪场的影响；4建立长江口北槽航道大风骤淤预测模式。大风期航道骤淤问题是目前河口海岸动力学的难点，长江口航道大风骤淤问题是长江口深水航道减淤及维护的关键性问题，研究成果直接应用到长江口深水航道治理工程中去，能产生巨大的经济效益。

中文关键词： 长江口；大风；航道骤淤；泥沙特性；波浪

英文摘要： Yangtze estuary is located in the western shores of the pacific, and overlooks the East China sea on the east. The strong winds (typhoons) hit this area many times every year. The main composition of the bed is silt and clay soil and the channel sudden siltation is easy to occur. The sudden siltation amount of a round wind can reach several millions of cubic meter which is the important component parts of channel siltation. The forecast of channel sudden siltation under the strong wind is a very complex and key problem. In this study, the following contents will be researched. 1 Analyze hydrologic data, siltation data and meteorological data, summarize the main factors of sudden siltation. 2 Carry out experiment of sediment settling and incipient motion of sediment, analyze the influence of sediment settling and incipient motion of sediment. 3 Carry out simulation of waves in order to analyze the influence of wind velocity, wind direction and wind time to wave field. 4 Set up model of channel sudden siltation under strong wind. The problem of channel sudden siltation is a difficulty in coastal and estuary hydrodynamics. The channel sudden siltation of Yangtze estuary is the critical problem in channel siltation minimization and channel maintenance, the research results have a very great significance for Yangtze

英文关键词： Yangtze estuary；strong wind；sudden siltation of channel；hydraulic characteristics of sediment；wave