水稻对真菌病害的广谱抗性机制与育种应用基础

项目名称： 水稻对真菌病害的广谱抗性机制与育种应用基础

项目编号： No.31330061

项目类型： 重点项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 何祖华

作者单位： 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院

项目金额： 295万元

中文摘要： 稻瘟病和纹枯病是两种不同寄生类型的水稻毁灭性真菌病害，防治稻瘟病最经济有效的办法是广谱抗病育种。而纹枯病迄今没有有效的抗病基因资源，只能通过大量使用杀菌剂防治。本项目前期已经克隆水稻广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pigm与抗纹枯病基因RSR1，此外也获得了RSR1的抑制突变基因SRRs和Pigm互作蛋白PBPs (Pigm-bing proteins)。本项目将进一步研究这两个基因控制水稻免疫途径的机制及其育种应用基础。研究：（1）抗稻瘟病受体R蛋白Pigm-R和感病蛋白Pigm-S调控的防卫信号途径；（2）Pigm-S控制产量性状的机制；（3）纹枯病抗病蛋白RSR1介导的免疫机制，建立一个以RSR1为主干的新水稻广谱抗病的信号网络；（4）Pigm和RSR1/SRR基因资源的分子育种应用基础，探索广谱抗病与高产协调的水稻分子育种应用技术体系。项目的开展将可以建立有特色的植物免疫与广谱抗病研究与技术体系。

中文关键词： 水稻;真菌病害;广谱抗性;分子机制;育种应用

英文摘要： Rice blast caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Magnorpathe grisea and sheath blight caused by the necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani are two most destructive diseases in rice. Breeding for blast résistance is the most efficient approach to control rice blast, whereas no effective genetic resource has been identified to confer resistance against sheath blight. We have map-cloned the broad-spectrum blast resistance gene Pigm and sheath blight resistance gene RSR1, and also obtained the Suppressors of RSR1 (SRR) and Pigm-bing proteins (PBP). In this project, we will focus on the mechanisms of Pigm- and RSR1- mediated immunity pathways, and study (1) defense signal pathways mediated by the resistance receptor Pigm-R and susceptibility receptor Pigm-S; (2) the mechanism of Pigm-S-mediated yield traits; (3) the defense pathway mediated by RSR1, to establish a novel immunity pathway based on RSR1-SRR in rice; (4) application approaches of Pigm and RSR1/SRR in rice breeding programs for disease resistance with balancing resistance and yield. Therefore, the project will establish a state of the art research system in rice immunity to fungal pathogens, as well as provide potential tools to rice molecular breeding.

英文关键词： Rice ;Fungal pathogens;broad-spectrum resistance ;Molecular mechanism;Breeding application