嘈杂混响环境下老龄知觉整合去掩蔽能力的研究

项目名称： 嘈杂混响环境下老龄知觉整合去掩蔽能力的研究

项目编号： No.31200769

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生理心理学

项目作者： 吴梅红

作者单位： 厦门大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 随着国内老龄化社会现象的加剧，老年人的心理问题和精神需求迫切需要引起全社会的严重关切。语音是人们获取和沟通信息最方便、最有效的手段之一，然而老年人听觉系统的退行性变化会影响言语感知和理解，进而阻碍与外界的交流。相对于年轻人而言，老年人对目标言语的识别更加困难，尤其在嘈杂混响的环境下。在嘈杂混响环境下，听觉系统需要对声波的精细结构进行存储以便对直达声和反射声进行有效的知觉整合，带来各种线索帮助听者在知觉层次上对目标声音和干扰声音进行分离，从而提高对目标声音的探测和识别，达到去掩蔽的作用。本项目针对老龄特殊群体，研究在有较大双耳时间延迟的条件下老年人对声音精细结构的保持能力以及在言语掩蔽条件下老年人对目标直达声和反射声进行知觉整合的能力，进一步研究哪些消除信息掩蔽的认知线索可以被老年特殊人群有效利用，甚至作为补偿线索存在，减少老年人在嘈杂环境中的认知困难，对实现健康积极的老龄化社会有重要意义。

中文关键词： 信息掩蔽；能量掩蔽；知觉整合；语调线索；计算模型

英文摘要： Population aging has also been projected to aggravate the magnitude of mental health problems, which has become an important issue that requires urgent action. As a result of aging, a lot of older adults suffer from reduced hearing capability that interferes with daily living. The age-related declines in cognitive function may be associated with age-related impairment of speech recognition. Older adults often experience more difficulties understanding speech in a noisy environment with multiple people talking than younger adults. The ability to temporally maintain fine structure details contributes to perceptual integration of correlated leading and lagging sounds, which in turn, contributes to releasing speech from informational masking in noisy, reverberant environments. In order to achieve a better understanding of mechanisms of auditory aging, the present project was to investigate the initial auditory memory for maintaining fine structure information of auditory stimuli in older adults and the tendency for perceptually integrating target speech's direct wave and its reflected wave, then furthermore explore which cognitive cues available in the noise environment could be effectively used by older adults to facilitate their selective attention to the target speech. Research on age-related deficits in auditory

英文关键词： Information masking；Energetic masking；Perceptual integration；Intonation cue；Computation model