八种珍稀动物粪便放线菌多样性研究

项目名称： 八种珍稀动物粪便放线菌多样性研究

项目编号： No.31270001

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 姜怡

作者单位： 云南大学

项目金额： 72万元

中文摘要： 现今使用的抗生素有3/4是放线菌生产的，放线菌仍是天然药物和发现新药先导物的主要来源。在2010－2012年国家自然基金项目“西南地区5种特有动物粪便放线菌多样性研究”中，首次在国内进行粪便放线菌资源研究，获得以下结果：1，27种动物粪便放线菌的种类非常丰富，共鉴定到34个属，发现一个新属（Enteractinococcus）；可能存在大量的未知放线菌；2，粪便放线菌株的抗菌活性、抗肿瘤活性及各种酶活性非常普遍，高活性菌株的比例较大；3，次生代谢产物的结构多种多样，活性广泛；4，将其中一些菌株做成菌肥，用于防治三七病害，有良好效果。以此为基础，依托本室40多年放线菌资源研究的优势，再选取生活在云南的８种珍稀动物，不断更新和尝试新分离方法和培养基，分离纯培养放线菌，研究其培养条件和生物活性；研究粪便放线菌的多样性；争取从动物粪便放线菌寻找活性物质；为放线菌资源利用提供新菌源、新经验、新途径；

中文关键词： 动物粪便放线菌资源；系统学；多样性；基因组学；活性物质

英文摘要： Up to now, 3/4 antibiotics applied in clinical is produced by actinomyctes. Actinomycetes are still a main source of antibiotics. NFSC project “A study on actinomycete diversity of five animal feces in southwest of China” got results as following: 1, 34 genera and one new genus of actinobacteria were identified from 27 animal feces, and exist a large un-known actinobacteria. It shows that diversity of actinobacteria in animal feces. 2, Anti-microbial and anti-tumor activities of the fecal actinomycetes are very wide, some of them had high activities. 3, Structure and activities of secondary metabolites from animal feces are diversity. 4, The effectiveness of prophylaxis and treatment of the microbial manure prepared with nine of fecal actinomycete strains to soil-borne disease of notoginseng is remarkable and preponderated comparing with agricultural chemicals popularized. Based on these results, diversity, bioactivities and metabolites of actinomyctes from 8 rare animal feces will be studied for creating a new pathway for discovery of lead compounds of drug, and provide a new view of protecting wide animals.

英文关键词： Animal's fecal actinobacterial resource；Taxonomy；Diversity；Genome；Bioactive metabolites