新疆棉花高效利用土壤磷的根际和菌丝际过程与调控

项目名称： 新疆棉花高效利用土壤磷的根际和菌丝际过程与调控

项目编号： No.U1403285

项目类型： 联合基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 管理科学

项目作者： 冯固

作者单位： 中国农业大学

项目金额： 210万元

中文摘要： 提高棉花对磷的利用效率不仅是国家磷资源可持续利用的需要，也是新疆棉花产业节本增效的迫切需求。本项目以根土界面生物互作控制养分周转与利用的前沿理论为引导，以“矮、密、早”和膜下滴灌这一新疆特有的棉花种植体系中土壤磷资源利用效率低的问题为对象，采用室内模拟与田间定位试验、常规形态观测和生理生化分析与分子生态技术相结合的方法以及13C-Nano-SIMS和13C-RNA-SIP等新技术，研究适应水肥一体化棉田土壤磷供应规律的棉花根系形态构型和根系分泌作用的特征、棉花根际和菌丝际生物互作的C/P交易(trade-off)过程及其响应土壤供磷强度和供磷形态变化的机制，揭示棉花根系直接吸磷途径和菌根吸磷途径高效活化利用土壤磷的关键过程及其协同机制，阐明发挥棉花活化利用土壤累积态磷的生物学潜力的调控途径。研究成果将填补棉花根际和菌丝际磷养分过程与调控的理论空白，为新疆棉花栽培中的磷肥管理提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 棉花；菌丝际过程；土壤磷活化利用；调控机制；碳磷交易

英文摘要： Enhancing the P use-efficiency of cotton is crucial not only for sustainable utilization of P resouce in China,but also for the requriment of both the cotton industry and the farmers to save their cost in lint production by reducing P fertilizer application rate in Xinjiang. The chemical and biological processes in rhizosphere and hyposphere, which are droven by roots and the symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, determine the P utilizing rate of both the P-fertilizer applied and the accumulated soil P. The processes are also the key aspects to enhance the use efficiency of soil P. The project will target on improving P use-efficiency of cotton in Xinjiang cotton-zone where the cotton is grown by a typical intigrated model called ‘dwarfing, high-density, early-maturing’ and mulched drip-irrigation. The features of root morphology, root architecture and roots exudation that match the distribution pattern of available P supply in soil profile, the response of biological interaction in rhizosphere and hyposphere to levels and forms of P fertilizers supplied will be investigated by using multiple approaches under the field condition and in the controlable environments. The objectives of this project are: i) to uncover the key processes of root direct P uptake pathway and the mycorrhiza P uptake pathway, the mechanisms by which the both pathways would facilitate each other in mobilizing and hig-efficient uptake of soil P; ii) to understand the approaches to strengthen the biological potentials of cotton in high-efficient mobilizing and utilizing of soil sparingly soluble P. The outcomes will fill the knowledge gaps of the rhizosphere and hyposphere processes in high-efficient utilization of soil P of the intensive cotton production system in Xinjiang, which will supply knowledge support for good practise in P fertilizer recommendation in the cotton zone.

英文关键词： Cotton;Hyposphere processes;Soil P mobilizing and use;Manipulating mechanisms;C-P trade-off