农作物秸秆合成树脂包膜肥料的成膜及控释机理研究

项目名称： 农作物秸秆合成树脂包膜肥料的成膜及控释机理研究

项目编号： No.31301848

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 陆盘芳

作者单位： 山东农业大学

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 以废弃的农作物秸秆为主要原料，合成可降解树脂聚氨酯（PU）作为包膜材料，不但能降低成本，而且能生物降解，实现包膜控释肥的可持续发展。本项目拟通过液化技术制得秸秆多元醇，采用包膜工艺将其喷涂到肥料颗粒表面，得到表面光滑、致密度较高的PU包膜控释肥。利用PU膜材料的微观结构、膜厚度以及添加剂种类和添加比例组合的筛选，调控包膜材料对肥料的控释能力，使其养分的释放与作物的需肥规律相吻合。拟采用室内模拟实验以及盆栽和田间试验，结合扫描电镜、红外光谱、核磁共振等高分子分析手段，研究PU包膜材料的物理化学性能、养分控释性能以及残膜在土壤中的降解转化过程，从而明确PU成膜性和养分控释机理，并进一步对其农用可行性和安全性进行综合评价。这种以可再生资源为主要原料合成PU包膜材料的设计思路具有鲜明的创新性，是研究环境友好型控释包膜材料的一条崭新途径，为开发价格低廉、易降解的包膜控释肥提供新思路和理论支持。

中文关键词： 农作物秸秆；PU树脂；控释肥；环境友好；

英文摘要： The coating materials from biodegradable polyurethane (PU) synthesized by the wasted crop straw that have the advantages of cost reduction and biodegradability, achieving the sustainable developments of coated controlled release fertilizers. We get straw polyols by liquefaction technology and then by coating technique to spray onto the surface of fertilizers granule, finally we get PU coated controlled release fertilizers with smooth surface and high density in the program. We adjust controlled release ability of the coating materials on fertilizers which release their nutrient contents in accordance with the nutrient requirement of plants by screening the microstructure, thickness of the coating materials, additive types and combination. We discuss the physicochemical property, controlled release ability, and degradation conversion process in soil of PU coating materials by indoor tests, pot、field experiments, integration with polymers analysis technologies including scanning electronic microscope, infrared spectra, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Thus we explicate the filming of PU coating materials and controlled release mechanism of nutrient to further assess their feasibility and safety of agricultural use. The design idea of synthesis of PU coating materials from natural resources exhibits distinctive inno

英文关键词： crop straw；PU resin；controlled release fertilizers；friendly environment；