石墨烯量子点对非特异性PCR体系的优化及其作用机制研究

项目名称： 石墨烯量子点对非特异性PCR体系的优化及其作用机制研究

项目编号： No.51502231

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 周雪皎

作者单位： 西安电子科技大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 聚合酶链式反应（PCR技术）是一种在生物体外对特定的DNA片段进行扩增的分子生物学技术。复杂PCR扩增体系出现的非特异性产物以及扩增效率低等问题将对PCR技术的实际应用产生极大影响，对疾病的临床检测和诊断带来严重后果。本项目拟将纳米材料与生物科学技术相结合，旨在开发出一种安全无毒、高效的PCR增效剂对PCR技术进行优化改进。将具有独特的单原子层结构、且与生物分子具有较强相互作用的二维纳米材料，即石墨烯量子点（GQDs）作为一种潜在增效剂加入PCR体系，研究GQDs对PCR非特异性扩增体系的影响，重点从特异性和产率两方面进行探讨研究。在此基础上，进一步研究GQDs的二维尺寸大小、表面电荷特性和亲疏水性对PCR反应的影响。通过具有不同表面特性的GQDs与PCR体系相互作用的研究，旨在揭示纳米材料优化PCR反应的作用机制，为PCR技术的实际应用和优化改进提供理论依据与指导。

中文关键词： 石墨烯量子点；聚合酶链式反应；非特异性；表面特性

英文摘要： Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology in molecular biology used to amplify a few copies of particular DNA sequence, generating thousands to millions of copies in vitro and has important application in the fields of biology and medicine. Nonspecific products and low efficiency of complex PCR amplification system will greatly influence the practical application, bring serious consequences to clinical detection and diagnose of disease. This project combines nanotechnology and biological science, aiming to explore a safe, non-toxic and efficient synergist to optimize PCR technology. The graphene quantum dots, with unique two-dimensional single atomic layer structure and strong interaction with biological molecules, was used as a potential synergistic agent in PCR system. The effect of GQDs on nonspecific PCR amplification system was studied, mainly focuses on the specificity and yield. GQDs with different dimensional sizes and surface properties (charge characteristics and hydrophobicity) which obtained though gel electrophoresis technique and chemical modification, were further researched on the amplification of PCR reaction to reveal the mechanism of nano materials to the optimization of PCR reaction, providing the theoretical guidance for the practical application of PCR technology.

英文关键词： graphene quantum dots;PCR ;nonspecific;surface characteristic