国产赖草属物种的生物系统学研究及其分类处理

项目名称： 国产赖草属物种的生物系统学研究及其分类处理

项目编号： No.30870154

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 周永红

作者单位： 四川农业大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 野外考察四川、青海、内蒙古、宁夏等地，收集保存赖草属30种275份和近缘属12属106种1139份种子；查阅了国内标本，进行数理形态和表皮微形态分析；研究了12个属间杂种F1染色体配对；分析了16个种的核型和带型；进行了18个物种基因组原位杂交；分析了34个种ITS、trnL-F、Acc1、pgk、DMC基因序列，进行分子系统发育研究；创制和鉴定了华山新麦草与普通小麦属间杂种和衍生后代。结果表明：（1）赖草物种形态分异大，分布广，生境复杂；（2）猬草属物种具有NsXm基因组，东北猬草为NsXm基因组，组合到赖草属是合理的；（3）具有多重起源，Ns基因组存在分化和变异，可能来源于不同新麦草；（4）Xm基因组与Ns同源性高，与P、Fe基因组有一定关系，与St基因组可能也发生了基因渗入；（5）存在北美-青藏高原-中亚的地理分化；（6）北美赖草可能由中亚的原始种通过白令陆桥迁徙而来，而青藏高原赖草由中亚的原始种演变而来。在《BMC Evol Biol》、《PLoS ONE》、《Mol Phylog Evol》、《Biol Plant》等发表论文32篇，SCI收录22篇。培养博士5名，硕士6名。

中文关键词： 赖草属；形态学；细胞学；基因组；DNA序列分析

英文摘要： We had field expeditions in Sichuan, Qinghai, Neimenggu and Ningxia Provinces from 2009 to 2011 for collecting the seeds and specimens of Leymus and the related genera species. A total of 30 species in Leymus, and 12 related genera and 106 species have been collected. We consulted the herbaria in some Universities and Institutes of Chinese Academy of Sicences. Morphological characters and epidermis in Leymus and the related species are analyzed. The chromosome pairing of 12 generic hybrids, karyotypes and Giemsa C-banding of 16 species, and the genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) of 18 species are analysed. We analysed the entire sequences of ITS region of nuclear rDNA, trnL-F, acc1, pgk genes of 56 species in Leymus and the related genera, and carried out the phylogenetic studies. The generic hybrids and their progenies derived from Triticum aestivum X Psathyrostachys hushanica was obtained for the first time. The results indicated that: (a) there are great morphological differentiation and variations in Leymus; (b) Hystrix species possess NsXm genomes, closely related to Leymus and it is reasonable to be included in Leymus; (c) H. komarovii has NsXm genomes, not StH genomes, and shoud be treated as L. komarovii; (d) multiple origins may take place in Leymus, and the Ns genome is differeniated and oribinated from different diploid Ns species in Psathyrostachys; (e) the Xm genome is closely related to St, P and Fe, is homologous to Ns genome;(f) geographic differentiation is taken place in North America, Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Central Asia; (g) Leymus species in North America was migrated from the primitive species in Central Asia by Bering Strait, and the species in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau came from the primitive Leymus species in Central Asia. The results of chromosome pairing, karyotypes, GISH and the phylogenetic studies based on the sequences of ITS, trnL-F, acc1, and pgk genes are comparatively consistent. The total of 32 research papers have been published in the journals, such as Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, BMC Evolutionary Biology, PLoS ONE, Biologia Plantarum, Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, and so on. Of which, 22 papers are cited by SCI. Five postgraduate students for PhD degree and 6 students for master degree have graduated and obtained their degrees under the financial support of this program.

英文关键词： Leymus; morphology; cytology; Genome; DNA sequence