东北黑土地区农业生产人为源气溶胶排放模型研究

项目名称： 东北黑土地区农业生产人为源气溶胶排放模型研究

项目编号： No.41275158

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 童全松

作者单位： 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 气溶胶的排放清单是当今区域灰霾和气候变化模型研究中的最大不确定性因素之一。东北地区是我国重要粮食生产基地，近50年以来，东北地区大量的湿地和草地被开垦为农田，导致土壤湿度降低，土壤有机质减少。由于东北地区作物的生育期短（120天左右），土壤裸露时间长，农业生产机械化程度高，农业耕种过程中土壤气溶胶排放的潜力会大幅增加。然而，该地区气溶胶排放的研究多关注于城市排放，对于农业人为源的气溶胶排放研究还很少。本项目拟通过田间实验，获取农业生产操作环节的排放系数；改进国外农田气溶胶排放估算方法，开发东北地区农业人为源气溶胶排放模型；结合农业统计数据和排放模型，建立本地区高精度的农业土壤气溶胶源排放清单。精确估算我国特色地区的农田气溶胶排放，不仅可为本地区和全国模型研究提供必要参数，也是评估农业生态系统对气候变化响应的重要组成部分。

中文关键词： 气溶胶；空气质量；排放系数；模型；清单

英文摘要： Aerosol emission inventories are one of the major sources of uncertainties in modeling studies of regional haze and climate change. As the Nation's bread basket, Northeastern China has experienced drastic land conversion from wetland/grassland to croplands over the past 50 years, which results in reduced soil moisture and organic matters over this region. Because of the short growing season of major crops, and high utilization of farming machinery, the exposed croplands are unusually vulnerable to soil loss caused by human disturbances during field operations。Most previous works over this region, however, focused on urban aerosol sources, leaving large uncertainties unexplored in cropland aerosol emissions. This work proposes to determine localized emission factors through field measurements; develop a new cropland aerosol emission model based on analysis of the field measurements; and build a high-resolution emission inventory of cropland anthropogenic aerosol emission over the Northeastern China. Accurate estimation of typical cropland aerosol emissions not only provides key inputs to regional and national modeling simulations, but also constitutes an integral component in assessing the response of agricultural ecosystems to climate change.

英文关键词： aerosol；air quality；emission factor；model；emission inventory