Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to transform healthcare by supporting more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatments. However, its adoption in practice remains constrained by fragmented data sources, strict privacy rules, and the technical complexity of building reliable clinical systems. To address these challenges, we introduce a model driven engineering (MDE) framework designed specifically for healthcare AI. The framework relies on formal metamodels, domain-specific languages (DSLs), and automated transformations to move from high level specifications to running software. At its core is the Medical Interoperability Language (MILA), a graphical DSL that enables clinicians and data scientists to define queries and machine learning pipelines using shared ontologies. When combined with a federated learning architecture, MILA allows institutions to collaborate without exchanging raw patient data, ensuring semantic consistency across sites while preserving privacy. We evaluate this approach in a multi center cancer immunotherapy study. The generated pipelines delivered strong predictive performance, with support vector machines achieving up to 98.5 percent and 98.3 percent accuracy in key tasks, while substantially reducing manual coding effort. These findings suggest that MDE principles metamodeling, semantic integration, and automated code generation can provide a practical path toward interoperable, reproducible, and trustworthy digital health platforms.
翻译:人工智能(AI)具有通过支持更精准诊断和个性化治疗来变革医疗健康的潜力。然而,其在实践中的应用仍受限于数据源分散、隐私规则严格以及构建可靠临床系统的技术复杂性。为应对这些挑战,我们提出了一种专为医疗AI设计的模型驱动工程(MDE)框架。该框架依托形式化元模型、领域特定语言(DSL)和自动化转换技术,实现从高层规范到可运行软件的转化。其核心是医疗互操作性语言(MILA),这是一种图形化DSL,使临床医生和数据科学家能够利用共享本体定义查询和机器学习流程。当与联邦学习架构结合时,MILA允许各机构在不交换原始患者数据的情况下进行协作,在保护隐私的同时确保跨站点的语义一致性。我们在一个多中心癌症免疫治疗研究中评估了该方法。所生成的流程展现出强大的预测性能,支持向量机在关键任务中分别达到了98.5%和98.3%的准确率,同时显著减少了手动编码工作量。这些结果表明,MDE原则——元建模、语义集成和自动化代码生成——可为实现互操作、可复现且可信赖的数字健康平台提供一条可行路径。