End-to-End V2X Latency Modeling and Analysis in 5G Networks

5G networks provide higher flexibility and improved performance compared to previous cellular technologies. This has raised expectations on the possibility to support advanced V2X services using the cellular network via Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) and V2N2V connections. Most existing studies focus on evaluating the performance and feasibility of the 5G radio access network to support advanced V2X services. The network deployment and dimensioning also have a strong impact on the end-to-end (E2E) performance, and hence on the suitability of V2N and V2N2V connections to support advanced V2X services. This is specially the case for the E2E latency that is a critical requirement of V2X services. This paper introduces a novel E2E latency model for 5G V2N/V2N2V communications. The model includes the latency introduced at the radio, transport, core, Internet, peering points and application server (AS) for single mobile network operator (MNO) and multi-MNO scenarios. This paper estimates the E2E latency for a large variety of possible 5G network deployments that are being discussed or envisioned to support V2X services. This includes the possibility to deploy the V2X AS from the edge of the network to the cloud. The model is utilized to analyze the impact of different 5G network deployments and configurations on the E2E latency. The analysis helps identify which 5G network deployments and configurations are more suitable to meet V2X latency requirements. The conducted analysis highlights the challenge for centralized network deployments that locate the V2X AS at the cloud to meet the latency requirements of advanced V2X services. Locating the V2X AS closer to the cell edge reduces the latency, but requires a higher number of ASs and also careful dimensioning of the network and its configuration to ensure sufficient network and V2X AS resources are dedicated to serve the V2X traffic.