The reporting and analysis of current events around the globe has expanded from professional, editor-lead journalism all the way to citizen journalism. Politicians and other key players enjoy direct access to their audiences through social media, bypassing the filters of official cables or traditional media. However, the multiple advantages of free speech and direct communication are dimmed by the misuse of the media to spread inaccurate or misleading claims. These phenomena have led to the modern incarnation of the fact-checker -- a professional whose main aim is to examine claims using available evidence to assess their veracity. As in other text forensics tasks, the amount of information available makes the work of the fact-checker more difficult. With this in mind, starting from the perspective of the professional fact-checker, we survey the available intelligent technologies that can support the human expert in the different steps of her fact-checking endeavor. These include identifying claims worth fact-checking; detecting relevant previously fact-checked claims; retrieving relevant evidence to fact-check a claim; and actually verifying a claim. In each case, we pay attention to the challenges in future work and the potential impact on real-world fact-checking.
翻译:对全球各地当前事件的报道和分析从专业的、编辑领导的新闻报道扩大到公民新闻。政治家和其他关键角色通过社交媒体直接接触其受众,绕过官方电报或传统媒体的过滤器。然而,自由言论和直接通信的多重好处由于媒体滥用媒体传播不准确或误导的主张而变得暗淡。这些现象导致事实检查员的现代化,该专业者的主要目的是利用现有证据审查索赔要求,以评估其真实性。与其他文本法证任务一样,现有信息的数量使事实检查员的工作更加困难。考虑到这一点,我们从专业事实检查员的角度出发,调查现有各种智能技术,这些技术能够支持人类专家在不同阶段的实况调查努力。其中包括查明值得核实的索赔要求;查明以往核实过的相关索赔要求;重新寻找相关证据,以核实索赔要求的真实性;以及实际核实索赔要求。在每一个案例中,我们都注意未来工作中的挑战和对现实世界事实检查的潜在影响。