In quantum networks, effective entanglement routing facilitates remote entanglement communication between quantum source and quantum destination nodes. Unlike routing in classical networks, entanglement routing in quantum networks must consider the quality of entanglement qubits (i.e., entanglement fidelity), presenting a challenge in ensuring entanglement fidelity over extended distances. To address this issue, we propose a resource allocation model for entangled pairs and an entanglement routing model with a fidelity guarantee. This approach jointly optimizes entangled resources (i.e., entangled pairs) and entanglement routing to support applications in quantum networks. Our proposed model is formulated using two-stage stochastic programming, taking into account the uncertainty of quantum application requirements. Aiming to minimize the total cost, our model ensures efficient utilization of entangled pairs and energy conservation for quantum repeaters under uncertain fidelity requirements. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed model can reduce the total cost by at least 20\% compared to the baseline model.
翻译:在量子网络中,有效的纠缠路由有助于实现量子源和量子目的节点之间的远程纠缠通信。与经典网络路由不同,量子网络中的纠缠路由必须考虑纠缠比特的质量(即,保真度),这在确保纠缠保真度的同时也带来了挑战,尤其是在远程通信距离增加时。为了解决这个问题,我们提出了一个纠缠对资源分配模型和一个具有保真度保证的纠缠路由模型。这种方法通过联合优化纠缠资源(即,纠缠对)和纠缠路由,支持量子网络应用。我们的模型采用两阶段随机规划方法进行建模,考虑到量子应用要求的不确定性。我们的模型旨在最小化总成本,对于在不确定保真度要求下的量子中继器,确保纠缠对的高效利用和能源节约。实验结果表明,与基线模型相比,我们提出的模型可以将总成本降低至少20\%。