危机时刻：2024年法国大选期间YouTube媒体与政治话语的探索性研究 (In Times of Crisis: An Exploratory Study of Media and Political Discourse on YouTube During the 2024 French Elections)

YouTube has emerged as a major platform for political communication and news dissemination, particularly during high-stakes electoral periods. In the context of the 2024 European Parliament and French legislative elections, this study investigates how political actors and news media used YouTube to shape public discourse. We analyze over 100,000 video transcripts and metadata from 74 French YouTube channels operated by national news outlets, local media, and political figures. To identify the key themes emphasized during the campaign period, we applied a semi-automated method that combined large language models with clustering and manual review. The results reveal distinct thematic patterns across the political spectrum and media types, with right-leaning news outlets focusing on topics like immigration, while left-leaning emphasized protest and media freedom. Themes generating the most audience engagement, measured by comment-to-view ratios, were most often the most polarizing ones. In contrast, less polarizing themes such as video games and nature showed higher approval, reflected in like-to-view ratios. We also observed a general tendency across all media types to portray political figures in neutral or critical terms rather than favorable ones.

翻译：YouTube已成为政治传播和新闻发布的主要平台，尤其是在高风险选举期间。在2024年欧洲议会和法国立法选举的背景下，本研究探讨了政治行为者和新闻媒体如何利用YouTube塑造公共话语。我们分析了来自74个法国YouTube频道的超过10万条视频转录文本和元数据，这些频道由全国性新闻机构、地方媒体和政治人物运营。为了识别竞选期间强调的关键主题，我们采用了一种半自动化方法，该方法结合了大型语言模型、聚类分析和人工审查。结果显示，不同政治光谱和媒体类型之间存在明显的主题模式：右倾新闻媒体侧重于移民等话题，而左倾媒体则强调抗议和媒体自由。通过评论与观看比率衡量，最能引发受众参与的主题往往也是最具两极分化的主题。相比之下，电子游戏和自然等较少两极分化的主题表现出更高的认可度，这体现在点赞与观看比率上。我们还观察到，所有媒体类型普遍倾向于以中性或批判性而非褒扬性的措辞描绘政治人物。