One of the main promises of technology development is for it to be adopted by people, organizations, societies, and governments -- incorporated into their life, work stream, or processes. Often, this is socially beneficial as it automates mundane tasks, frees up more time for other more important things, or otherwise improves the lives of those who use the technology. However, these beneficial results do not apply in every scenario and may not impact everyone in a system the same way. Sometimes a technology is developed which produces both benefits and inflicts some harm. These harms may come at a higher cost to some people than others, raising the question: {\it how are benefits and harms weighed when deciding if and how a socially consequential technology gets developed?} The most natural way to answer this question, and in fact how people first approach it, is to compare the new technology to what used to exist. As such, in this work, I make comparative analyses between humans and machines in three scenarios and seek to understand how sentiment about a technology, performance of that technology, and the impacts of that technology combine to influence how one decides to answer my main research question.
翻译:技术开发的主要承诺之一是让人民、组织、社会和政府接受技术开发 -- -- 融入他们的生活、工作流或过程。 通常,这在社会上是有利的,因为它能将普通的任务自动化,腾出更多的时间用于其他更重要的事情,或者改善使用技术的人的生活。然而,这些有益的结果并不适用于每一种情况,而且可能不会以同样的方式影响系统中的每一个人。有时,开发出既产生好处又造成某种伤害的技术。这些伤害可能会使一些人付出比其他人更高的代价,从而引起这样的问题:在决定社会影响技术是否和如何发展的时候,利益和伤害是如何权衡的?}回答这个问题的最自然的方式,以及人们首先如何对待这个问题的方法,就是将新技术与过去存在的东西进行比较。因此,在这项工作中,我在三种情况下对人和机器进行比较分析,并设法了解对技术的情绪、该技术的性能以及该技术的影响如何影响人们如何决定回答我的主要研究问题。