Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption accounts for a significant part of the total energy consumption of buildings and households. The ubiquitous adoption of distributed renewable energy and smart meters helps to decarbonize the HVAC energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. However, how to scale up HVAC energy management for a group of users while persevering users' privacy remains a big challenge. In this work, we utilize the concept of transactive energy to build a cooperative energy management system for independent HVAC units in a distributed manner. Specifically, we develop a distributed energy trading algorithm that consists of two layers based on the alternating direction method of multipliers method. The distributed energy trading algorithm achieves optimal trading performance and also preserves users' privacy. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the distributed trading algorithm by extensive simulations with real-world data. Simulation results show that the energy trading algorithm converges fast and the cooperative energy platform reduces the user's individual cost by up to 50% and lowers the overall cost of all users by 23%.
翻译:供暖、通风和空调(HVAC)能源消耗占建筑物和家庭能源消耗总量的很大一部分。 广泛采用分布式可再生能源和智能仪有助于使HVAC能源消耗去碳化并提高能源效率。 然而,如何扩大一组用户的HVAC能源管理,同时切断用户的隐私仍是一个巨大的挑战。 在这项工作中,我们利用移动式能源的概念,为独立的HVAC单位以分布方式建立一个合作性能源管理系统。具体地说,我们开发了一种分布式能源交易算法,由两个层次组成,以乘数法的交替方向法为基础。分布式能源交易算法实现了最佳的贸易业绩,也保护了用户的隐私。此外,我们通过与真实世界数据进行广泛的模拟,评估分布式交易算法的绩效。模拟结果表明,能源交易算法快速集中,合作性能源平台将用户的个人成本降低50%,并将所有用户的总体成本降低23%。