The number of LTE users and their applications has increased significantly in the last decade, which increased the demand on the mobile network. LTE-Advanced comes with many features that can support this increasing demand. LTE-Advanced supports Heterogeneous Networks deployment, in which it consists of a mix of macro-cells, remote radio heads, and low power nodes such as Pico-cells, and Femto-cells. Embedding this mix of base-stations in a macro-cellular network allows for achieving significant gains in coverage, throughput and system capacity compared to the use of macro-cells only. These base-stations can operate on the same wireless channel as the macro-cellular network, which will provide higher spatial reuse via cell splitting. Also, it allows network operators to support higher data traffic by offloading it to smaller cells, such as Femto-cells. Hence, it enables network operators to provide their growing number of users with the required Quality of Service that meets with their service demands. In-order for the network operators to make the best out of the heterogeneous LTE-Advanced network, they need to use QoS-based packet scheduling algorithms that can efficiently manage the spectrum resources in the heterogeneous deployment. In this paper, we survey Quality of Service based packet scheduling algorithms that were proposed in the literature for the use of packet scheduling in Heterogeneous LTE-Advanced Networks. We start by explaining the concepts of QoS in LTE, heterogeneous LTE-Advanced networks, and how traffic is classified within a packet scheduling architecture for heterogeneous LTE-Advanced networks. Then, by summarising the proposed QoS-based packet scheduling algorithms in the literature for heterogeneous LTE-Advanced Networks, and for Femtocells LTE-Advanced Networks. And finally, we provide some concluding remarks in the last section.
翻译:LTE 用户及其应用程序的数量在过去十年中大幅增加,这增加了对移动网络的需求。 LTE- Advaned 具有许多能够支持这一不断增长的需求的特性。 LTE- Advaned 支持了异质网络的部署。 LTE- Advaned 支持了异质网络的部署,其中它由大型细胞、远程无线电头和微弱的电源节点(如Pico-细胞)和Femto-cells等组合组成。将这种基站组合嵌入一个宏观细胞网络,从而能够实现覆盖、输送和系统能力方面的显著增长。LTE-A 高级网络的使用量。这些基站可以在与宏观细胞网络相同的无线频道上运行,通过分裂提供更高的空间再利用。此外,网络操作者可以通过将它卸载到小细胞(如Femto-cells) 和Femtocal-alalalalal-al- Networkal-al-al-laxal-al-al-laxal-ladeal-lax, LTE-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-lax-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-lax-al-al-ald-lation-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-ld-al-lational-lational-lation-lation-al-al-lation-lation-al-al-al-al-al-lation-lation-l化、LTE-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-al-