Connected Cars (CCs) and vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases require stringent reliability for safety and non-safety uses. With increasing network softwarisation, it has become easier to use multiple, redundant connectivity options instead of relying on a single network connectivity. But where should these redundant connections be managed? Is it at a network provider's core network - i.e. supply side managed (SSM) - or at the CC - i.e. demand side managed (DSM)? In our work, we investigate the use of SSM and DSM for CCs on four separate days and across 800 kilometers of major / minor roads in South East England. For Day 1, we captured performance indicators, and determined hypothetical multi-operator configurations for four UK providers and a global Universal SIM. For Day 2, 3& 4, we built and deployed a test-bed to actually implement network switching and understand performance (incl. for TCP & UDP) either on the road or in a stationary location. Based on our results, we make three contributions. First, we show that DSM can deliver superior performance for CCs more than any individual network (up to 28 percentage points in a hypothetical scenario), or SSM which had up to 4.8x longer page load times. Second, unlike other smartphone-only studies, our system-level study demonstrates that improvements of at least 12% can be obtained in a practical DSM field implementation for a CC. Third, we confirm that the advantage of DSM in a field implementation is higher for UDP traffic (23% better latency) compared to TCP (13%).
翻译:连接到的汽车(CCs)和车辆到所有设备(V2X)使用的案例要求安全和非安全用途的严格可靠性。随着网络软化程度的提高,使用多、冗余的连接选项比依赖单一网络连接更容易。 但是,这些冗余连接应该在哪里管理? 在网络提供者的核心网络中,即供应方管理(SSM)或需求方管理(DSM)使用? 在我们的工作中,我们调查在4天之间和在东南英格兰800公里主要/次要公路上使用SSM和DSM的情况。在第1天,我们收集了业绩指标,确定了四个英国供应商和全球通用SIM的假设多操作方配置。在第2天、第3天和第4天,我们建立和部署了一个测试台,以实际实施网络转换和理解性能(包括TCP和LAUDP),或者在固定地点(DSM),根据我们的成果,我们做了三项贡献。首先,我们发现DSSM在高端网络中可以提供更高水平的运行率,而在12个月里,在SM(SM)中,一个更精确的测算出一个更精确的系统比其他时间,在12个网络中,可以显示一个更精确的运行到更精确的运行。