We investigate what grade of sensor data is required for training an imitation-learning-based AV planner on human expert demonstration. Machine-learned planners are very hungry for training data, which is usually collected using vehicles equipped with the same sensors used for autonomous operation. This is costly and non-scalable. If cheaper sensors could be used for collection instead, data availability would go up, which is crucial in a field where data volume requirements are large and availability is small. We present experiments using up to 1000 hours worth of expert demonstration and find that training with 10x lower-quality data outperforms 1x AV-grade data in terms of planner performance. The important implication of this is that cheaper sensors can indeed be used. This serves to improve data access and democratize the field of imitation-based motion planning. Alongside this, we perform a sensitivity analysis of planner performance as a function of perception range, field-of-view, accuracy, and data volume, and the reason why lower-quality data still provide good planning results.
翻译:我们调查培训模拟学习型人类专家示范AV计划员需要哪一年级的传感器数据。机学规划员非常渴望培训数据,通常使用配备用于自主操作的传感器的车辆收集这些数据,费用昂贵且不可扩缩。如果使用更廉价的传感器进行收集,则数据可获得性会上升,这在数据数量要求大、可用性小的领域至关重要。我们提出实验,使用价值最高达10小时的专家演示,发现10个低质量数据比1xAV级数据要好的培训,从规划员的性能来看,其重要含义是,确实可以使用更廉价的传感器。这有助于改进数据获取,使仿制运动规划领域民主化。除此之外,我们还对规划员的性能进行敏感度分析,视域、视野、准确度和数据量等功能,以及低质量数据仍然提供良好规划结果的原因。