We present a novel approach for inspecting variable data prints (VDP) with an ultra-low false alarm rate (0.005%) and potential applicability to other real-world problems. The system is based on a comparison between two images: a reference image and an image captured by low-cost scanners. The comparison task is challenging as low-cost imaging systems create artifacts that may erroneously be classified as true (genuine) defects. To address this challenge we introduce two new fusion methods, for change detection applications, which are both fast and efficient. The first is an early fusion method that combines the two input images into a single pseudo-color image. The second, called Change-Detection Single Shot Detector (CD-SSD) leverages the SSD by fusing features in the middle of the network. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed deep learning-based approach with a large dataset from real-world printing scenarios. Finally, we evaluate our models on a different domain of aerial imagery change detection (AICD). Our best method clearly outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline on this dataset.
翻译:为了应对这一挑战,我们提出了一种新颖的方法,用于检查极低的假警报率(0.005%)和可能适用于其他现实世界问题的可变数据指纹(VDP),该系统基于对两种图像的比较:参考图像和低成本扫描仪所摄取的图像。比较任务具有挑战性,因为低成本成像系统创造的文物可能被错误地归类为真实的(真实的)缺陷。为了应对这一挑战,我们引入了两种新的聚合方法,用于变化检测应用,既快速又高效。第一个是将两个输入图像合并成单一伪色图像的早期聚合方法。第二个称为变化检测单向检测器(CD-SSD),通过在网络中安装功能来利用 SSD。我们用真实世界打印情景的大型数据集展示了拟议的深层次学习方法的有效性。最后,我们评估了不同领域航空图像变化检测模型(AICD)。我们的最佳方法明显超越了该数据集的状态基线。