Scrum teams are at the heart of most Agile initiatives. Nevertheless, an integrated theory that is able to explain what makes some Scrum teams more effective than others is still missing. To address this gap, we performed a seven-year-long mixed-method investigation composed of two main phases. First, we induced a theoretical model from thirteen exploratory field studies. Our model proposes that the effectiveness of Scrum teams depends on five high-level factors - responsiveness, stakeholder concern, continuous improvement, team autonomy, and management support - and thirteen lower-level factors. In the second phase of our study, we validated our model with a Covariance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis using data from 1,978 Scrum teams that we gathered with a custom-built survey. Results suggest a very good fit of the empirical data in our theoretical model (CFI = 0.959, RMSEA = 0.038, SRMR = 0.035). Accordingly, this research allowed us to (1) propose and validate a generalizable theory for effective Scrum teams, (2) formulate clear recommendations for how organizations can better support Scrum teams.
翻译：斯克鲁姆小组是大多数 " 敏捷 " 倡议的核心。然而,一个能够解释使某些斯克鲁姆小组比其他小组更有效力的综合理论仍然缺失。为了弥补这一差距,我们进行了由两个主要阶段组成的为期7年的混合方法调查。首先,我们从13个探索实地研究中引出了一个理论模型。我们的模型建议,斯克鲁姆小组的有效性取决于五个高级别因素 -- -- 反应能力、利益攸关方的关切、持续改进、团队自主和管理支持 -- -- 和13个低层次因素。在研究的第二阶段,我们利用我们通过定制调查收集的1 978个斯库鲁姆小组的数据对模型进行了验证。结果表明,我们理论模型中的经验数据非常适合(CFI = 0.959,RMSEA = 0.038,SRMR = 0.035)。因此,这一研究使我们能够(1) 提出并验证一个可用于有效斯库鲁姆小组的通用理论,(2) 为各组织如何更好地支持斯库鲁姆小组提出明确的建议。
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