Along the design process of interactive system many intermediate artefacts (such as user interface prototypes, task models describing user work and activities, dialog models specifying system behavior, interaction models describing user interactions {\ldots}) are created, tested, revised and improved until the development team produces a validated version of the full-fledged system. Indeed, to build interactive systems there is a need to use multiple artefacts/models (as they provide a complementary view). However, relevant information for describing the design solution and/or supporting design decisions (such as rational about the design, decisions made, recommendations, etc.) is not explicitly capturable in the models/artefacts, hence the need for annotations. Multi-artefacts approaches usually argue that a given information should only be present in one artefact to avoid duplication and increase maintainability of the artefacts. Nonetheless, annotations created on one artefact are usually relevant to other artefacts/models. So that, there is a need for tools and techniques to coordinate annotations across artefacts/models which is the contribution of the present work. In this paper, we propose a model-based approach that was conceived to handle annotations in a systematic way along the development process of interactive systems. As part of the solution, we propose an annotation model built upon the W3C's Web Annotation Data Model. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated by means of a tool suite featuring a plugin, which has been deployed and tested over the multi-artefacts. The overall approach is illustrated on the design of an interactive cockpit application performing two design iterations. The contribution brings two main benefits for interactive systems engineering: i) it presents a generic pattern for integrating information in multiple usually heterogenous artefacts throughout the design process of interactive systems; and ii) it highlights the need for tools helping to rationalize and to document the various artefacts and the related decisions made during interactive systems design. CCS CONCEPTS $\bullet$ Human-centered computing $\bullet$ Human computer interaction (HCI)
翻译:在交互式系统的设计过程中,许多中间手工艺品(例如用户界面原型、描述用户工作和活动的任务模型、说明系统行为的对话模型、描述用户互动的交互模型)的创建、测试、修订和改进,直到开发团队制作一个经验证的全机系统版本。事实上,为了建立互动系统,有必要使用多个手工艺品/模型(因为它们提供了补充观点)来描述设计解决方案和/或支持设计决定的相关信息(例如,关于设计、决定、建议等的合理性互动模型),在模型/艺术设计中并没有明确可覆盖,因此需要说明。多面设计方法通常表明,特定信息应只存在于一个艺术全机中,以避免重复,提高工艺品的维护性。然而,一个艺术元设计说明通常与其他工艺品/模型相关。因此,需要各种工具和技术来协调各种手工艺品/模型的描述,这是当前工作的贡献。在本文中,我们建议一种基于模型的方法,用来在互动机组设计流程中进行一个系统化的配置说明,一个系统化的流程是整个计算机设计流程的流程,一个演示工具的流程,一个工具的流程中显示一个系统设计过程。