一种复合材料围栏式二级吸能结构耐撞性实验和仿真优化研究

项目名称： 一种复合材料围栏式二级吸能结构耐撞性实验和仿真优化研究

项目编号： No.51505138

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 干年妃

作者单位： 湖南大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 轻量化、小型化和智能化的城市微型电动汽车将成为缓解交通压力和能源环保压力的新宠。同时这类汽车的耐撞性要求和狭小的吸能区布置空间给新材料新结构如泡沫金属和纤维增强复合材料的应用带来了机遇和挑战。然而这些材料和结构的性能跟其成型工艺和结构设计参数密切相关，为此，本项目提出一种由碳纤维三明治板粘接泡沫铝填充铝管的围栏式二级吸能结构。开展（1）碳纤维板和泡沫铝力学性能试验研究，研究材料参数的提取方法，指导其CAE准确建模；（2）结构在正面低速、高速碰撞及偏置碰撞下力学响应实验和仿真对比研究和验证，系统分析其破坏损伤模式和吸能机理，为新材料新结构在城市微型电动汽车车身结构中的应用提供设计思路和分析方法；（3）混合元模型多目标优化算法研究，研究优化策略和PARETO边界搜索方法以提高算法效率和精度，优化相关参数对结构碰撞吸能性能的影响，为车身耐撞性设计优化这类耗时、黑箱和强非线性问题提供算法选择。

中文关键词： 泡沫铝；碳纤维复合材料；耐撞性；轻量化；混合元模型多目标优化

英文摘要： Lightweight, miniaturization and intelligentized urban electric vehicles will become the new favorites for alleviating the traffic and energy and environmental protection pressure. At the same time, the crashworthiness requirements and narrow energy absorbing area layout space of this kind of vehicle has brought opportunities and challenges for new materials such as metal foam and fiber reinforced composite material and new structures. However, the performance of these materials and structures are closely related with its forming process and structural design parameters, therefore, in this project a fence style secondary energy absorb structure with carbon fiber reinforced sandwich plate glued with aluminum foam filled thin-walled tubes is proposed. (1) Experimental study on mechanical properties of carbon fiber and aluminum foam will be carried out to extract material parameters for guiding its accurate CAE modeling. (2) Experiment and simulation investigations of the secondary energy absorb structure under front and offset impact loading is researched. The destruction mode and energy absorption mechanism of the structure will be system analysis to provide an alternative solution and ideas for the energy-absorbing structure design of the next generation urban green vehicle. (3) Multi-objective optimization algorithm based on hybrid meta-model is developed and the crashworthiness optimization designs of the secondary energy absorb structure are implemented. Optimization strategies and PARETO boundary search method are developed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm. The purpose is to provide a selection algorithm for time-consuming and black-box and strong nonlinear parameter optimization problems such as vehicle crashworthiness optimization problem.

英文关键词： aluminum foam;carbon fiber reinforced composite materials;crashworthiness;lightweight;hybrid meta-model based multi-objective optimizati