糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成对高温胁迫的响应及水氮调控机制

项目名称： 糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成对高温胁迫的响应及水氮调控机制

项目编号： No.31471436

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 陆大雷

作者单位： 扬州大学

项目金额： 90万元

中文摘要： 灌浆结实期高温胁迫是影响糯玉米籽粒产量与淀粉品质形成的关键环境因子。前期已明确糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质对高温胁迫响应的关键时期为籽粒建成期（花后1-15天）。本项目研究籽粒建成期不同阶段高温胁迫和持续时间(花后1-5、6-10、11-15、1-10、6-15和1-15天)对糯玉米籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成的作用，分析高温胁迫处理下籽粒灌浆动态，淀粉形成过程中胚乳淀粉体发育，淀粉粒形态、大小和分布，淀粉晶体结构，链长分布，淀粉和糖代谢相关酶（ADPG、SSS、SBE、SS和SPS）活性等的变化动态，并明确这些参数变化动态与籽粒产量及淀粉品质形成的关系。利用盆栽处理和播期处理研究高温胁迫条件下水分和氮素运筹对籽粒产量和淀粉品质形成的调控机制。从淀粉发育过程中相关参数的变化动态上获得高温胁迫影响籽粒产量与品质形成的新认识，为未来温度升高条件下糯玉米高产优质栽培提供理论与技术支撑。

中文关键词： 糯玉米；高温胁迫；淀粉品质形成；水分；氮素

英文摘要： Heat stress during grain filling is one of the most important environmental factors that affect the formation of grain yield and starch quality for waxy maize. Our former studies clarified that the cell division stage (about 15 days after pollination) was the key stage that affected the grain yield and starch quality. In the present research, we will study the effects of different high temperature stress durations (1-5, 6-10, 11-15, 1-10, 6-15 and 1-15 days after pollination) at the cell division stage on the formation of grain yield and starch quality, and clarify the mechanism which results in those changes based on the grain proximate composition and structure. The effects of heat stress on the dynamics of grain filling rate and durations, grain endosperm amyloplast development, starch granule morphology, size and distribution, starch crystalline structure, amylopectin chain-length distribution and the activities of enzymes (ADGP, SSS, SBE, SS, SPS) that involved in starch and sugar metabolism, and other parameters that may be influence the grain yield and starch quality were studied. The effects of water management and nitrogen application on grain yield and starch quality under high temperature conditions were studied to seek for the reasonable cultivation measures under heat stress by pot treatments and sown date treatments. The research could generate new knowledge of the development of starch under heat stress that affect the formation of grain yield and starch quality, which could afforded theoretical basis of high-yield and better-quality cultivation under higher temperature environment.

英文关键词： Waxy maize;Heat stress;Starch quality formation;Water;Nitrogen