超高内相乳液模板法构建高性能多孔材料及其油污清除研究

项目名称： 超高内相乳液模板法构建高性能多孔材料及其油污清除研究

项目编号： No.21474032

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 王朝阳

作者单位： 华南理工大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 溢油和含油废水的排放造成了严重的环境污染，带来了破坏性的生态灾难和巨大的经济损失。因此，多孔吸油材料的研究具有重大的科学意义和实用价值。而传统的吸油材料存在油水选择性不高、油可回收程度差、重复使用性不佳等缺点。高内相Pickering乳液模板技术可以非常方便地制备有机/无机的多孔材料，在微纳结构材料构建方面具有重大应用前景。本课题采用纳米粒子稳定的超高内相Pickering乳液为模板制备多功能吸油材料：疏水、超轻、阻燃、可压缩、可降解。研究其对不同油污的清理效果。考察超高内相Pickering乳液形成规律，了解影响其稳定性的因素，探索高内相Pickering乳液固化规律，探讨固化条件对泡沫结构与性能的影响，掌握泡沫结构形成的调控因素，进一步考察泡沫结构、表面疏水改性、高温碳化对吸油性能的影响。研究目标是制备高选择性、油可回收、材料可再生的优质多孔吸油材料。

中文关键词： 吸油材料；多孔材料；油水分离；表面改性；高内相乳液

英文摘要： Effective removal of crude oils, petroleum products, organic solvents, and dyes from water is of significant in oceanography, environmental protection, and industrial production. Porous materials with interconnected structure and hydrophobic surface were successfully employed into the separation of oil from water. TO date, however, most of the previous absorbents were not widely used in many situations because of certain drawbacks such as low adsorption capacity, poor oil recoverability and poor absorbent recyclability. In particular, the absorbed oil can only be recovered by distillation by the previous means. But in the case of recovering high boiling point or low volatile solvents, distillation recycling method loses its practical significance. To improve the recycling performance, fire-resistant property is incorporated into the hydrophobic porous materials. Thus, the low boiling point oils are recovered by distillation as before, whilst the low volatile solvent-absorbed absorbents can be directly burned for recycling use as the excellent fire-resistant properties of the absorbents. However, directly burning would not be an appropriate way when the spilled chemical reagents may have other further use. To further enhance the recyclability of the oils and the absorbents, the strategy of utilizing compressible absorbents under absorption/squeezing recycle way is a vital candidate. The compressible porous materials can be regenerated by simply squeezing in the separation process without any complex operation. Unfortunately, some viscous oils face challenge in this simple squeezing recycling process, but it can be recycled by the absorption/combustion way. Therefore, a versatile spilled oil recovered material would be a multifunctional comprehensive porous material integrating hydrophobility, fire-resistance and flexibility, possessing of distillation, combustion and squeezing regenerate ways for different types of spilled oil. Great effort should be devoted to exploring a more facile and straightforward strategy to prepare lighter and more robust fire-resistant, compressible oil absorbents, especially aiming at enhancing the possibility of large-scare industrial production. Herein, we obtain an ultralight, fire-resistant, and compressible melamine-based carbon aerogels by using a facile and easily scalable fabrication technique based on superhigh internal phase emulsions. We believe that such cheap foam-derived novel hydrophobic aerogels with good performance will have great potential for industrial applications and oil spill treatments.

英文关键词： Oil absorbents;Porous materials;Oil-water separation;Surface modification;high internal phase emulsions