新烟碱类手性农药立体环境行为及对映体毒理差异分子机制

项目名称： 新烟碱类手性农药立体环境行为及对映体毒理差异分子机制

项目编号： No.31471798

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 董丰收

作者单位： 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 我国农业生产中新烟碱类手性农药环境投放量大，对媒介昆虫蜜蜂毒性高，给农业环境生物安全带来了严重威胁。前期研究表明新烟碱类手性农药对蜜蜂存在显著对映体毒性差异，开展对映体水平的残留环境行为和毒理差异机制研究有利于该问题的解决。本课题拟选取典型新烟碱类手性农药呋虫胺和氟啶虫胺腈为研究对象，通过手性色谱分离制备光学纯手性农药单体，研究手性农药对映体在蔬菜和土壤中的对映体选择性环境行为规律，明确其主要降解产物和代谢途径，分析其在不同环境中代谢差异及影响因素，探讨其立体选择性机制，揭示供试手性农药高毒体在土壤-蔬菜体系中主要行为归趋，明确手性农药安全使用的关键控制点。同时，通过分子生物学手段，研究和探讨手性农药对映体对靶标生物蚜虫和非靶标生物蜜蜂毒理差异的分子机制。为新烟碱类手性农药的环境风险评估、安全使用和高效低风险手性单体农药开发提供基础数据和理论依据。

中文关键词： 新烟碱手性农药；立体环境行为；毒理差异；分子机制；农药残留

英文摘要： Neonicotinoid chiral pesticides were extensively used in the agricultural production in China, which posed a serious threat to our environment and biological safety because of its high toxic to honeybee. Previous studies proved that neonicotinoid chiral pesticides have significant enantioselective toxicity to honeybee. Then, it is helpful for the problem solving to conduct the studies of environmental fate and different toxicology mechanism in enantiomer level. In this study, two typical novel neonicotinoid chiral pesticides dinotefuran and sulfoxaflor were selected, and their single enantiomers were separated and prepared by chiral chromatography. The environmental fate of racemate and optical pure enantiomers were studied to disclose the main degradation products and metabolic pathways, and to find out the metabolic differences and influencing factors in vegetable-soil ecosystem. The mechanisms of analytes stereoselectivity and the major trending behavior of high-toxic enantiomer in the vegetables and soils were revealed, to make sure the critical control points of the safe use of neonicotinoid chiral pesticides. Meanwhile, the enantioselective toxicology on target and non-target organism (aphid, Aphis gossypii and honeybee, Apis mellifera) between the enantiomers was studied based on the molecular biology method. It is helpful to provide a data support and theoretical basis for environmental risk assessment, safe application, and development of efficient low-risk enantiomer of neonicotinoid chiral pesticides.

英文关键词： neonicotinoid;stereoselective environmental fate;toxicology difference;molecular mechanism;pesticide residue