坡地打结沟垄集雨种植的系统效率和关键技术研究

项目名称： 坡地打结沟垄集雨种植的系统效率和关键技术研究

项目编号： No.41461062

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 地质学

项目作者： 王琦

作者单位： 甘肃农业大学

项目金额： 51万元

中文摘要： 干旱和水土流失限制半干旱黄土丘陵区农业生产。国内外研究者主要从事平地传统沟垄集雨种植技术研究，对坡地打结沟垄集雨种植技术研究较少。本项目观测坡地标准集雨垄 (垄宽40-45cm，沟内不种植作物) 的径流，揭示坡地标准集雨垄的径流效率；以传统沟垄集雨种植为对照，研究不同坡度（5 o、10 o和15 o)、打结距离（2、4和6 m)和排列方式（交错排列和非交错排列)打结沟垄集雨种植的径流贮存效率、系统效率、土壤水分和养分、产量、水分利用效率和经济效益等，明确坡地打结沟垄集雨种植的适宜打结距离和适宜排列方式；观测不同坡度传统标准沟垄集雨种植(沟宽60cm，垄宽40-45cm，沟内种植作物)沟中径流，计算沟中入渗，依降雨量、水分平衡方程和溃坝效应，计算坡地打结沟垄集雨种植的适宜打结垄高度。结合径流、大田种植、大田入渗等试验与气象数据，研究我国半干旱区不同降雨区间坡地打结沟垄集雨种植的关键技术。

中文关键词： 打结垄；沟垄集雨；坡地；系统效率；关键技术

英文摘要： Drought and soil erosion are main factors which limited agricultural production in semi-arid Loess Hilly areas. Many researches have done on rainwater harvesting with ridges and furrows on flat fields, but not on slope fields, especial on rainwater harvesting with ridges, furrows and tied-ridges. Runoff efficiency of standard ridges (ridges width was 40-45cm without planting in furrows) was found after observing precipitation and runoff with the same receive areas at the same time. Runoff storage efficiency, overall efficiency, soil water, soil nutrition, crop yields, water use efficiency and economic benefits were studied to determine the optimum tied-ridge distances and the optimum arrangements, under different of slops (5 o, 10 oand 15 o), tied-ridge distances (2, 4 and 6 m) and arrangements (staggered tied-ridges and non-staggered tied-ridges) in rainwater harvesting planting with ridges, furrows and tied-ridges. Runoff amount of furrows in rainwater harvesting with standard ridges and furrows (widths of ridge and furrow were 40-45cm and 60 cm, respectively, with potato or maize planting in furrows) was found after observing precipitation and runoff with the same receive areas at the same time. Then soil water infiltration was calculated to determine the the optimum height of tied-ridge according to precipitation, water balance equation and dam broken effects. Key technologies of rainwater harvesting with ridges, furrows and tied-ridges were studied in different precipitation regions in semi-arid areas combining experiments of runoff efficiency observation and crops planting with experiments of soil water infiltration observation.

英文关键词： tied-ridge;rainwater harvesting with ridges and furrows;slope land;overall efficiency;key technology