纤维素基气凝胶的结构调控及其高性能化的基础研究

项目名称： 纤维素基气凝胶的结构调控及其高性能化的基础研究

项目编号： No.51273206

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 余坚

作者单位： 中国科学院化学研究所

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 纤维素基气凝胶是一种含有大量纳米级开放孔洞的多孔材料，兼具气凝胶材料的高孔率、低密度和高比表面积等特性，和纤维素的储量大、可再生、环境友好和良好的物理力学性能等优点，在诸多领域有着很好的应用前景。本申请针对纤维素基气凝胶作为透明隔热材料的潜在应用，拟对纤维素基气凝胶的制备、结构和性能开展研究，分别从气凝胶制备中的纤维素溶解、共混复合、再生以及溶剂交换和超临界CO2干燥等方面入手，对决定气凝胶最终性能的纤维素溶液凝胶化环节，认识其影响因素；从纤维素分子结构、聚集态结构及孔结构等多尺度结构上协同作用，在获得良好的三维纳米多孔网络结构基础上，引入纳米填料和强相互作用对基体进行增强，进而提高纤维素基气凝胶的光透过率、隔热性能和强度等物理力学性能。理论上，深化对纤维素基气凝胶的制备-多尺度结构-使用性能内在关系的认识；应用上，拓展纤维素基气凝胶的性能范围，为高性能材料的开发和应用提供研究基础。

中文关键词： 纤维素；气凝胶；离子液体；高性能化；孔结构

英文摘要： Cellulose is the most abundant renewable biomass resource, and possesses environmental benefits and excellent physical and mechanical properties. As highly porous materials with nano-sized open pores, cellulose-based aerogels have further combined the characters of high porosities, low densities and high specific surface areas of aerogels. Therefore, cellulose-based aerogels are very promising materials in many application fields. This project is proposed in the potential application to use cellulose-based aerogels as transparent heat-insulation materials based on the investigation of their preparation, structures and properties. The various processes in the preparation of cellulose-based aerogels would be studied, including cellulose dissolution in non-derivatizing solvents, cellulose blending and compounding with strengthen agents, cellulose regeneration by coagulation baths, solvent exchange with anhydrous organic solvents and drying in supercritical CO2. Accordingly, an insight would be obtained into the factors to influence the gelation of cellulose solution, which determines the final properties of aerogels. The synergetic modulation in multi-scale architectures of cellulose-based aerogels, consisting of cellulose molecular structure, condensed state and porous structure, would result in the optimization o

英文关键词： cellulose；aerogel；ionic liquid；high performance；porous structure