基于外资制造业回流现象的采购竞争策略研究

项目名称： 基于外资制造业回流现象的采购竞争策略研究

项目编号： No.71201036

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 管理科学与工程

项目作者： 吴肖乐

作者单位： 复旦大学

项目金额： 19万元

中文摘要： 近二十年来，凭借相对低廉的劳动力成本，我国吸引了大量发达国家制造企业将其生产产能迁移到中国或者从中国制造商处采购。而近两三年来外资制造企业回流本土现象显著。一般的认识将其归因于中国制造成本的升高。这种认识从单角度考虑问题，是不全面的。我们从此现象出发，研究竞争环境下的采购（供应商选择）策略。无竞争环境下的采购策略研究是近几年的一个热点，而更接近商业现实的竞争环境下的采购策略研究比较欠缺。我们采用一个通用性较强的模型，定量地分析在竞争环境中企业最优的采购策略，各种因素（如市场规模，全球原材料价格，需求波动性，信息结构）对于企业采购策略的影响，企业做出外包或者外包回流决策对同行业其它企业的影响，以及供应商面对下游企业的采购博弈如何最优定价。我们期望理论分析的结果不仅能更全面地解释当前的外资制造业回流现象，而且能为中国企业更好地参与国际市场竞争提供采购，信息投资，定价方面的决策参考。

中文关键词： 采购策略；外包回流；信息；竞争；博弈论

英文摘要： In the past few decades, many firms move their production activities from developed countries to China due to its low labor cost. However, the recent two or three years have witnessed the manufacturing "reshoring" or "backshoring" trend. That is, many international manufacturers are moving their production activities from China or other emerging economies back to their own countries, or choosing domestic suppliers rather than the far-away international ones. A frequently cited reason is the rising labor cost in China or other emerging economies. This may only partially explain the backshoring trend and for sure there are other economic factors that play a role. Motivated by this phenomenon, we study a sourcing competition model. The majority of studies in the sourcing literature consider a single firm's sourcing problem, while there is little work on sourcing strategies in a competitive setting, which is oftentimes the real business case. We use a general model to analyze firms' optimal sourcing strategies under competition, the impact of various factors (e.g., market size, global raw material prices, demand uncertainty, information structure) on firms' supplier selection decisions, the impact of backshoring on other firms' performances in the industry，and suppliers' optimal pricing when facing downstream sourci

英文关键词： Sourcing strategy；Backshoring；Information；Competition；Game theory