脉冲激光束亦或电子束辐照条件下金属中点缺陷行为的基础研究

项目名称： 脉冲激光束亦或电子束辐照条件下金属中点缺陷行为的基础研究

项目编号： No.51471027

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 杨占兵

作者单位： 北京科技大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 晶体点缺陷（间隙原子和空位）对材料辐照损伤具有控制性作用，理解并阐明这两种点缺陷对各种辐照损伤的影响，不仅可以揭示辐照肿胀、辐照诱导偏析、晶界上析出相稳定性等现象的机制，更有助对控制这些辐照损伤以及开发新型高可信度核反应堆用结构材料。本项目以核反应堆包壳用奥氏体不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢为对象，利用激光-超高压电子显微镜系统首先开展脉冲激光束辐照，研究晶体点缺陷的行为，阐明由脉冲激光束辐照诱导的过饱和空位在不同钢中存在的状态和扩散机制。其次，通过各类激光亦或电子辐照，研究不同辐照条件下，晶界、晶界析出相或氧化物颗粒的性质和稳定性。此外，还根据单独研究过饱和空位对辐照损伤现象的影响，揭示尚存争议的关于辐照诱导晶界偏析的机理。最后，以实验数据为基础，修正或者提出新的相关数学模型。本项目期望利用脉冲激光束和电子束双束同时辐照，探求控制辐照损伤的有效方法，为研发新型包壳材料作基础理论参考。

中文关键词： 辐照损伤；原位观察；显微组织；晶体点缺陷；激光超高压电镜系统

英文摘要： Irradiation damages in crystalline solids are governed by the hehavior of lattice point defect (interstitial and vacancy), well understanding of the sole contribution of each kind of point defect to the radaition damage can not only reveal the mechanisms of swelling, radiaiton induced segregation, stability of paticles on the grain boundary; but also be benefit to control those damages and to decvelope new high reliable structure steels in nuclear reactors. In this project, the laser-HVEM system will be used for perfoming the in-situ pulsed laser beam irradiation to induced excess vacancies into the austenitic steels and ferrite steels; state and diffusion of those vacancies will be declared. By carrying out various laser and/or electron beam irradiations, the nature and stability of grain boundary, precipitates or oxide particals on the grain boundarys will be also studied. The unsolved mechanism of radiation induced segregation at grain boudary will be declared via investigation on the sole contribution of vacancy. Finally, we will revise or provide new models on related mechanisms based on the experimental results. The present project is expected to explore the effective method to control the irradiation damage by simultaneous laser and electron dual-beam irradiation; moreover, it is also expected to provide some fundamental experimental data and theories for the research of new cladding materials.

英文关键词： radiation damage;in-situ observation;microstructures;lattice point defect;laser-HVEM system