植物槲皮酮对东方田鼠繁殖适合度的影响

项目名称： 植物槲皮酮对东方田鼠繁殖适合度的影响

项目编号： No.31460564

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 李俊年

作者单位： 吉首大学

项目金额： 50万元

中文摘要： 1. 本研究结合野外围栏研究与实验室分析，探讨植物浓缩单宁-槲皮酮对洞庭湖区东方田鼠繁殖适合度的影响。连续4年在不同季节，测定湖滨苔草地、防洪堤坝、湖滨岗地围栏内东方田鼠主要食物项目中浓缩单宁 - 槲皮酮含量的动态变化；以捕鼠笼活捕3种围栏内的东方田鼠，测定其繁殖力和免疫力；模拟东方田鼠在野外围栏内不同种群密度条件下对槲皮酮含量最高的杨树树皮的采食强度，将杨树树皮的冻干粉以及槲皮酮，分别按不同剂量处理东方田鼠，测定植物浓缩单宁-槲皮酮对东方田鼠繁殖力和免疫力的影响。验证在东方田鼠种群密度较低时，摄入较低剂量的PSC可诱导免疫细胞因子的形成，有益于提高动物的免疫功能；而在种群密度高，可利用食物匮乏，迫使动物采食PSC含量高的植物，摄入高剂量的PSC可抑制东方田鼠免疫功能的假设。研究成果可丰富和发展植食性小哺乳动物－植物协同进化的理论体系，对于控制洞庭湖区东方田鼠种群密度具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 繁殖适合度；东方田鼠；植物次生化合物；协同进化；单宁酸

英文摘要： Plant-herbivore interaction is one of the central topics in ecology. Herbivores are faced with a food resource of poor quality not only because plants are low in nutrients but also because they produce plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) that have wide-ranging physiological effects from direct toxicity to digestion impairment. However, studies on the influence of dietary tannins on the reproductive fitness of small mammalian herbivores are scarce. The majority of wild mammalian herbivores confront food items which contain a myriad of chemical compounds that are potentially poisonous. The ingestion of plant secondary metabolites including tannins can have a wide range of physiological consequences in mammalian herbivores, from direct toxicity to digestion impairment, lesions of kidney and liver and disturbance of acid-base homeostasis. In contrast, little is known the influence of dietary tannins on the reproductive fitness of small mammalian herbivores. Reed voles(Microtus fortis ) is one of the dominated rodents in the Dongting lake region, The population cycles of voles typically have 5-10 year period. The main food items of voles include Cara spp., ardamine lyruta and Paspalum dischun, Tristurn trfidum, Inpenruta cytindricus, Erigeran annusperus. During the peak phase, reed voles move to dam and hills intake barks of Populus alba, Broussonetia papyrifera. We found that the contents of quebracho in Cara spp, Cardamine hirsute, Imperata cylindrical, Erigeron annuus, Erigeran annusperu were 2.04% , 1.99%, 2.12% and 2.3%, respectively. And the contents of quebracho in Populus alba, Broussonetia papyrifera were up to 8.4% and 11.5%, respectively. Obviously the reed voles ingest queracho in the field as part of their regular diet. To test the hypothesis that the reproductive fitness of reed voles may be improved by ingesting plant that containing low level of plant secondary compounds (PSC) during vole's low population density period, while the reproductive fitness of voles may be inhibited by ingesting the plants that contain high level of PSC during vole's high population density period. The main research contents of this proposal involves : (1) the concentration of condensed tannins-quebracho in main food items grazed by voles from different inhabitats in the field pens; (2) the effects of condensed tannins-quebracho on the reproductive fitness of voles fed freeze-dried powder of poplar bark, the level of freeze-dried powder of poplar bark in the vole's food based on the observation of voles' foraging behavior in field; (3) the response of reproductive fitness of voles fed foods contain different doses of quebracho. On the bases of theses studies, the proposal will enrich and develop the theory of co-evolution between the small mammalian herbivores and plant mediated by plant secondary compounds.

英文关键词： reproductive fitness;Microtus fortis;plant secondary compound;coevolution;tannic acid