东北黑土区农业生产颗粒物排放系数研究

项目名称： 东北黑土区农业生产颗粒物排放系数研究

项目编号： No.41205106

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 大气科学学科

项目作者： 陈卫卫

作者单位： 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 大面积农业生产过程中的颗粒物排放会显著影响区域大气环境质量。准确定量农田颗粒物排放需要尽可能采用当地耕作类型的排放系数。然而，到目前为止，具有中国地域特点的农业生产过程颗粒物排放及排放系数的研究还很缺乏，这限制了我国农业颗粒物排放清单的编制和对区域空气污染的防控。 东北地区农田占总耕地面积的1/5以上，具有典型的气候、土壤和种植制度特点，是我国农业颗粒物排放研究的重要组成部分。本项目拟通过上下风向田间颗粒物浓度和相关气象数据观测，结合扩散模型，获得黑土区三种主要旱田作物（大豆、玉米和小麦）在两种生产规模下(大小型机械化)的关键环节（整地、播种和收获）颗粒物排放系数，并揭示不同生产规模、不同整地方式和不同作物类型的颗粒物排放差异。研究成果对于估算东北地区农业颗粒物排放和实施减排措施均有重要意义。

中文关键词： 气溶胶；空气质量；整地；收割；化学组分

英文摘要： The emission of particulate matter (PM) from agricultural production in large areas may significantly influence air quality. Accurate quantification of PM emissions is built on the basis of local emission factors from agricultural operations (EF). So far, limited studies on EF for agricultural production in different regions increase the uncertainty for emission inventory of PM and difficulty for control measure of air pollution in China. Northeast blackland is a major compartment of agricultural PM emission in China due to one-fifth coverage of total arable land and typical climate, soil and cropping system. The project is to measure local EF of PM (e.g., TSP, PM10 and PM2.5) from agricultural production (land preparation, sowing and harvest) using upwind/downwind concentrations of PM, dispersion model and meteorological data.Three main crops (soybean, maize and wheat),two land preparation types (fall and spring operation),two production scales (large mechanization for state-owned farm and small mechaniztion for family farm), are selected to investigate the difference of EFs for different production scale, land preparation and crop type. The results will provide basic data, key parameter and method to estimate regional PM emission, and help determine effective measures to reduce regional PM emission.

英文关键词： aerosol；air quality；land preparation；harvest；chemical component