项目名称: 多倍体促进外来植物成功入侵与快速进化的机制
项目编号: No.31270461
项目类型: 面上项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 生物科学
项目作者: 李钧敏
作者单位: 台州学院
项目金额: 79万元
中文摘要: 以我国广泛入侵的加拿大一枝黄花为模式种,整合植物生态学、种群遗传学、进化生物学、基因组学的理论与方法,将基因组水平的变化- - 多倍体与其生态学及进化效应联系起来,从基因型、基因表达、表型特征、生态学效应到环境响应,采用分子系统地理学、表型选择分析、人工诱导合成新多倍体、生态基因组学等方法和手段来辨别多倍体直接的、即刻的生态学后果与间接的、时间上的进化后果,验证假说"多倍体通过提高表型可塑性和生态耐受,改变物种间的相互作用,增强入侵性","多倍体通过提高种群遗传多样性产生丰富的表型特征或是改变基因表达而改变表型特征,天然选择偏好多倍体,促进入侵植物的快速进化"。本研究不仅可以从根本上阐明多倍体促进外来植物成功入侵和快速进化的机制,更有助于了解多倍体在生物进化中的重要作用,可以极大地丰富入侵生态学和进化生态学研究理论和方法。同时,也可为在全球变化背景下管理和防治多倍体入侵植物提供基础理论依据。
中文关键词: 多倍体;生物入侵;加拿大一枝黄花;表型可塑性;遗传多样性
英文摘要: The most notorious invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. is used as a model species in this proposal. Trying to linking polypoidy, the changes at genomic level, and their ecological consequences and significance of evolution, we integrate the knowledge and methodology in plant ecology, population genetics, evolutionary biology and genomics to find out how polyploidy facilitates the success invasion and rapid evolution of exotic plants. From genotype to gene expression, phenotypic traits, ecological consequences and environmental responses, we try to distinguish the direct and immediate ecological consequences from the indirect and temporal evolutionary consequences step by step, using the methods including molecular phylogeography, phenotypic selection analysis, artificial synthesized neopolyploidy, ecological genomics, etc. We aim to answer the following two questions: 1) Can polyploidy facilitate the invasion success of exotic plants by increasing the phenotypic plasticity, ecological tolerance and changing the interaction between exotic species and the rest biotic components at different trophic level in the invaded community? 2) Can polyploidy facilitate the rapid evolution of exotic plants by preferring polyploidy with high phenotypic diversity and high genetic diversity or with sepcial phenotypic traits pr
英文关键词: Polyploidy;Biological invasions;Solidago canadensis;Phenotypic plasticity;Genetic diversity