马铃薯全膜双垄连作种植对土壤质量的影响

项目名称： 马铃薯全膜双垄连作种植对土壤质量的影响

项目编号： No.31260311

项目类型： 地区科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 秦舒浩

作者单位： 甘肃农业大学

项目金额： 52万元

中文摘要： 随全膜双垄种植技术及相应耕作覆膜机械的研发应用，陇中半干旱区优势作物马铃薯产量和水分利用效率大幅度提高，种植面积也随之扩大。受政府倡导的规模种植及耕地总面积有限的影响，加之马铃薯-玉米轮作模式不可实现（水分、热量不足），使该区马铃薯连作栽培普遍存在。非覆膜连作种植导致土壤质量变劣，作物生长发育受抑；但覆膜能改善植物根系环境及土壤的水热生态效应，对土壤质量形成有利。因此，全膜双垄种植模式下，马铃薯连作对土壤质量的影响是值得深入研究的科学命题。项目以在陇中半干旱区实施的马铃薯抗旱增产试验为基础，拟采用大田定位试验与实验室精确分析的研究方法，通过对全膜双垄垄播和全膜双垄沟播种植下马铃薯1-4年连作对土壤养分吸收运移规律、盐分积累动态以及土壤物理、化学、生物学特性等进行深入研究，探究马铃薯全膜双垄连作种植对农田土壤质量的影响。以期为提高马铃薯产量、品质，保持半干旱区农田可持续生产提供理论依据。

中文关键词： 马铃薯；连作土壤；沟垄覆膜种植；微生物多样性；土壤质量

英文摘要： Potato is one of the dominant crops in semiarid area, the middle of Gansu province, China. The production and water use efficiency (WUE) of potato is greatly improved with the extensively application of the fully mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges planting technology and the auto plastic film machine. Therefore, the planting acreage of potato in area is increased with years. Continuous cropping cultivation of potato is not uncommon in this area. which is due to: the government－led scale planting，the limited total cultivatable area and the impracticable potato-maize rotation pattern (insufficient water and heat) . Uncovered continuous planting led to the soil deterioration and crop development suppression. Application of plastic film can improve microenvironment around plant roots and the hydrothermal ecological system of soil, correspondingly improves the soil quality. Therefore, under the fully mulched alternating narrow and wide ridges planting，the impact of the continuous planting of potato on soil quality is a scientific proposition worthy of further study. This project is base on the trail of high yield and drought tolerant potato in middle semiarid area of Gansu, China, and the filed location test and the laboratory precision analysis will be used. In this project, variation of physical, chemical a

英文关键词： Potato；Continuous cropping soil；Ridge-furrow and mulching planting；Microbial diversity；Soil quality