航天发动机再生冷却结构光纤激光-电弧复合焊接焊缝精确成形控制基础研究

项目名称： 航天发动机再生冷却结构光纤激光-电弧复合焊接焊缝精确成形控制基础研究

项目编号： No.51275013

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 吴世凯

作者单位： 北京工业大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 随航天工业发展，再生冷却构件趋向大构件尺寸、复杂型面结构、焊道密集和服役条件极端等特点，并要求越来越多地采用新材料、新结构，这些新的要求对传统的制造技术提出了挑战，常规的电铸、钎焊、弧焊方法已不能满足需要，而激光焊接成为具有比较优势的连接技术。本项目在前期预研的基础上，针对密集再生冷却构件激光-电弧复合焊接成形制造时的激光-电弧复合热源特性、能量耦合、焊缝成形规律及熔池表面形貌、温度分布等特征参量与焊缝成形相关性等基础问题，拟采用高速摄像仪、瞬态光谱仪、电弧参数记录仪、光束质量诊断仪等先进手段结合数值计算、全正交工艺试验等方法，揭示光纤激光-TIG相互作用及能量耦合机制及其对焊缝成形的影响规律，并建立熔池表面特征参量映射焊缝成形的数学模型。项目研究成果可为完全自主知识产权的再生冷却通道夹层壁板激光焊接成形制造技术奠定理论及技术基础。

中文关键词： 光纤激光；复合焊接；熔池边缘检测；孔壁原位观察；激光-电弧相互作用

英文摘要： With the development of aerospace industry, the regenerative cooling components in space engine tend towards large sizes, complex surfaces, densely weld beads and extreme service conditions. on the other hand, more and more new materials, new structures are used in such structures. These new requirements have a great challenge on the traditional manufacturing technologies such as electroforming, brazing, arc welding. Consequently, laser welding receiving extensive attention for its comparative advantages. On the basis of pre-research for laser-TIG hybrid welding of regenerative cooling structures, the characteristics of hybrid heat source, energy coupling, features of joint geometry and weld pool surface morphology and temperature distribution would be investigated in this project. Using high-speed camera, spectrometer, arc parameters recorder, beam quality diagnostic equipment and numerical calculation, the fiber laser- TIG arc interaction, energy coupling mechanism and the features of joint geometry are revealed. Furthermore, the relationship between pool surface characteristic and joint geometry is established. The research results can establish the theoretical and technical foundation for laser manufacturing of regenerative cooling sandwich panels.

英文关键词： fiber laser；hybrid welding；laser welding pool edge detection；Distinct morphology of the keyhole wall；laser-arc interaction