黄东海大型底栖生物代表性优势种的群体遗传学研究

项目名称： 黄东海大型底栖生物代表性优势种的群体遗传学研究

项目编号： No.41506173

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 杨梅

作者单位： 中国科学院海洋研究所

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 黄海和东海是世界海洋最为宽阔的陆架海区，蕴藏着丰富的海洋生物资源，是我国海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。作为海洋生物中分布广泛、种类多、生态关系复杂的类群，大型底栖生物在海洋生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中起着举足轻重的作用，部分种类还具有高的经济价值。然而，大型底栖生物的研究目前多集中于生态学、系统学和生物多样性，对其遗传多样性的信息知之甚少。伴随着人类经济活动和气候变化的影响，海洋生物多样性正遭受前所未有的威胁。遗传多样性是物种多样性和生态系统多样性的基础，更是评价自然生物资源的重要依据。本项目拟采用线粒体DNA和细胞核基因等多种分子标记，结合历史冰期、气候变化和海洋环流等因素，对黄东海海域大型底栖生物代表性优势种（甲壳动物和棘皮动物）的群体遗传学展开研究，旨在了解大型底栖生物的现有种质遗传资源，为海洋生物多样性的开发和保护提供理论依据，也为海洋生物学的进一步研究提供基础资料。

中文关键词： 黄海；东海；大型底栖生物；；优势种；群体遗传学

英文摘要： The yellow sea and the east China sea is the world's most wide shelf sea area, has abundant marine resources, and as an important component of the marine ecosystem in china. The macrobenthos were widely distributed in the ocean, have various species and complex ecological relationships, meanwhile they play a pivotal role in the material cycle and energy flow in marine ecological system, and some macrobenthos species are of high economic value. However, at present the stduies of macrobenthos mainly focused on ecology, systematics, biodiversity, and their genetic diversity information was poorly understood. With the impacts of human economic activity and climate change, marine biodiversity is suffering from unprecedented threats. The genetic diversity is not only the foundation of species diversity and ecosystem diversity but also the important basis for evaluation natural biological resources. This project will use of appropriate molecular markers, for instance, mitochondrial DNA and nuclear genes, then combined with environment and historical factors, such as Pleistocene glaciations, climate change and complicated circular current system, to carry out population genetics studies on the representative dominant species (Crustacean and Echinoderm) of macrobenthos in the yellow sea and the east china sea. This study can bring basic data about the present genetic diversity of germplasm resources of macrobenthos, and aims to offer theoretical foundation of the conservation and exploitation of marine biodiversity，and to provide basic information for the further researches of Marine Biology.

英文关键词： The yellow sea;The east china sea;Macrobenthos;Dominant species;Population genetics