基于分布式天线的宽带相位测距机制与方法研究

项目名称： 基于分布式天线的宽带相位测距机制与方法研究

项目编号： No.61471012

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 齐巍

作者单位： 北京跟踪与通信技术研究所

项目金额： 82万元

中文摘要： 针对非合作式高动态目标相位测距系统中相位解模糊、目标低信噪比以及雷达散射截面积(RCS)随时间起伏等导致测量精度降低的一系列问题，提出基于分布式天线的宽带相位测距机制。本项目主要开展基于分布式天线的宽带相位测距天线布局与波形设计，分析目标运动机动特性、稀疏分布特性和天线位置精度等对测距性能的影响,建立基于目标运动轨迹和观测矩阵的分布式天线测距信号模型和测距精度分析模型；在此基础上，发展针对分布式天线高精度相位测距的信号处理方法，研究基于稀疏信号处理的目标三维重建算法，获取观测目标与雷达之间的精确相对位置关系；建立系统性能评估模型，结合系统噪声等效后向散射系数（NESZ）和克拉美罗界等手段开展测距性能评估与算法优化研究；通过数值仿真和地面模拟试验验证模型与方法的有效性，优化信号处理方法，提高测距精度，为雷达相位测距技术的应用提供一种新的方法与技术支撑。

中文关键词： 分布式天线；宽带相位测距；观测矩阵；稀疏信号处理

英文摘要： In order to solve the problems of phase unwrapping，low signal-to-noise ratio and the fluctuant RCS with time which cause the accuracy decrease in the phase measurement system of the cooperative high dynamic target, a mechanism of wide-band measurement system by phase based on distributed antenna is proposed. This project carries out the layout of wide-band measurement system by phase based on distributed antenna and the design of signal waveform, and analyzes the ranging precision influence caused by the target's maneuverability, sparse distribution characteristics and the position precision of antenna. The measurement matrix signal model of distributed antenna and the precision analysis model for ranging are established based on the target motion trajectory. On this basis, the signal processing methods according to high precision measurement system by phase based on distributed antenna are developed, the three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm based on sparse signal processing is researched, thus the relative position relations between observed object and radar is obtained. Meanwhile, the performance evaluation model of the system is established, and the performance evaluation and the algorithm optimization of range measurement by means of NESZ, Cramer-Rao bound and so on are developed. The efficacy of the mechanism and method are verified by numerical simulation and simulation experiment, the signal processing method is optimized, so that the the ranging precision can be improved. This project will provide a new method and technical support to the application of radar range measurement by phase.

英文关键词： Distributed Antenna;Range Measurement by Wide-Band Phase;Measurement Matrix;Sparse Signal Processing