GmGS1;2基因进化对大豆氮素同化代谢的影响及其作用机理研究

项目名称： GmGS1;2基因进化对大豆氮素同化代谢的影响及其作用机理研究

项目编号： No.31201226

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 王晓波

作者单位： 安徽农业大学

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 氮素同化代谢是作物体内重要的营养代谢过程，与农作物许多重要经济指标有关，培育高氮素同化代谢农作物新品种对于发展少投入、高产出、环境友好型现代农业具有重要意义。大豆在进化过程中氮素代谢水平发生明显改变，但其进化的分子机制尚不清楚。谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）可以催化铵根离子与谷氨酸合成谷氨酰胺，在植物氮素同化代谢过程中起中心调节作用，项目组在前期研究中发现一个胞质型GS基因（GmGS1;2）在人工选择的作用下进化出新类型(GmGS1;2b)，关联分析结果表明与野生型(GmGS1;2a)相比拥有GmGS1;2b等位变异的大豆品种具有较高的百粒重和籽粒总氮的含量，推测该基因很可能是大豆氮素同化代谢进化过程中人工选择作用的重要分子靶点。本研究将通过对该基因的进化规律、等位基因遗传学效应及其作用机理进行研究，为大豆氮素代谢进化和调控分子机理的认识以及现代农业体系下大豆新品种培育提供参考。

中文关键词： 大豆；谷氨酰胺合成酶；人工选择；氮素代谢；基因功能

英文摘要： Nitrogen assimilation metabolism (NAM) is a important crop nutrition metabolic process, which could affect many important economic characters of crops such as seed yield and protein content et al. Improving crop NAM level is very important for constructing friendly mordern agriculture with low cost, high output. Soybean is a high nitrogen demanded crop, and its nitrogen metabolism level is changed significantly during evolutionary process, but the molecular mechanism is not very clear.Glutamine synthetase (GS) assimilates ammonium into amino acids, thus it is a key enzyme for nitrogen metabolism. The cytosolic isoenzymes of glutamine synthetase assimilate ammonium derived from primary nitrogen uptake and from various internal nitrogen recycling pathways.In the previous studies, we found a cytoplasmic GS gene (GmGS1;2) was undergone a positive selection during evolution and one nonsynonymous substitution in this gene could cause an markable change in 100-seed weight and total nitrogen content by association analysis in the landrace of soybean micro-core collections (MCC). By coincidence, this gene was also found have the same function in maize (Martin et al., 2006, The plant cell).Thus, this gene is probably a molecular target for nitrogen assimilation metabolic during soybean evolution. This study will focus on

英文关键词： Soybean；Glutamine synthetase；Artificial selection；Nitrogen assimilation；Gene function