水稻高光效两用不育系叶色突变体基因克隆与功能研究

项目名称： 水稻高光效两用不育系叶色突变体基因克隆与功能研究

项目编号： No.31471430

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 食品科学、农学基础与作物学

项目作者： 戴小军

作者单位： 湖南师范大学

项目金额： 72万元

中文摘要： 叶色突变体是研究光合作用机制的理想材料。但大多数叶色突变体都因光合效率降低而不能正常生长。本研究培育出的黄绿叶色两用核不育系KT27S，其叶绿素含量比正常水稻降低近50%，但叶片光合效率高，没有光饱和和午休现象，植株生长量大。作为不育系的叶色标记应用于杂交水稻制种可省去繁重的不育系群体除杂，显著提高制种纯度。另在杂交稻秧田苗期，很易除去不育系的自交株，克服两系法杂交稻普遍存在的混杂不育株的纯度问题。该突变性状受第5染色体上的1对隐性基因控制。本课题拟以该高光效水稻不育系为材料，进行该突变基因的克隆和功能解析，揭示该基因影响叶绿素合成的机制；另通过对强光条件下超氧阴离子自由基变化规律、光呼吸速率以及相关酶的基因表达规律和酶活性等进行比较研究，力图阐明黄绿叶水稻KT27S高光合效率的生理机理。该研究结果对植物高光效的光合生理认识以及叶色标记在杂交育种中的利用都有重要促进作用。

中文关键词： 水稻；叶色突变；高光效；光呼吸；基因功能

英文摘要： The leaf color mutants are ideal materials to study photosynthesis mechanism,but most of them could not growed because of low photosynthetic efficiency. In this study, a yellow-green leaf color mutant, dual-purpose genic male sterile line KT27S was bred, the chlorophyll content is nearly 50% lower than the normal rice, but the leaf photosynthetic efficiency is high, no light saturation and midday depression. As the leaf color marker of sterile lines of hybrid rice applicated in seed production,it can save the heavy sterile group of impurity and significantly improve the purity of hybrid seed production. Meanwhile, in the field of hybrid rice seedlings seedling stage, it is easy to remove the sterile line selfing plants, help to overcome the two-line hybrid rice field confounding widespread problem of purity sterile plants. The mutant trait controlled by a single recessive gene on chromosome 5. This paper is intended to be the high light efficiency of rice CMS for materials, cloning and functional analysis of the mutant gene revealed that the gene affected chlorophyll synthesis mechanism; another light conditions through the variation of superoxide anion radical, photorespiration a comparative study of rates and laws related enzyme gene expression and enzyme activity, trying to elucidate the physiological mechanism of high photosynthetic efficiency of rice KT27S. The findings show important prmoting role in plant physiological understanting of high photosynthesis efficiency and the breeding application of the leaf mark.

英文关键词： oryza sativa L.;leaf color mutant;high photosynthesis efficiency;photorespiration;gene function