项目名称: 听觉时间加工老龄化影响言语知觉的神经机制
项目编号: No.31200840
项目类型: 青年科学基金项目
立项/批准年度: 2013
项目学科: 认知的脑结构与神经基础
项目作者: 王孟元
作者单位: 北京师范大学
项目金额: 25万元
中文摘要: 在嘈杂混响的环境中,听觉阈限正常的老年人相比年轻人表现出严重的言语知觉困难。这一困难与时间同步性加工基础上的听觉时间加工的老龄化关系密切。时间同步性加工能力的降低使得老年人从声音的精细结构(快速变化)和包络(慢速变化)时间信息中提取空间线索信息(通过时间同步性加工基础上的双耳加工)和语速时间线索信息的能力降低,从而引起他们利用这两种知觉线索去掩蔽的能力降低,进而导致了言语知觉的困难。本项目将利用事件相关电位和功能核磁共振两种手段,揭示听觉时间加工老龄化在多个层次产生影响的神经机制:1)基于双耳加工的相关性变化诱发的皮层电活动;2)语速时间信息对语音诱发皮层活动的影响;3)跨通道时间信息对言语知觉的促进作用在视听加工以及整合的相关脑区的体现。本项目的研究成果将对系统研究老年人言语知觉困难的机理、适用于嘈杂混响环境中老年人配戴的助听器的设计以及提高机器言语识别的水平有关键意义。
中文关键词: 时间加工;嘈杂混响;老龄化;言语知觉;神经机制
英文摘要: In a noisy, reverberant environment, older adults with normal pure-tone hearing threshold often face great difficulty in speech perception. This difficulty is closely related to the auditory temporal processing aging based on the synchrony processing. As for the deficits in auditory synchrony processing, the ability of old adults to encode the spatial information (depend on the synchrony processing and binaural processing) and speech-rate information from the fine structure and envelope of the speech signal is decreased, which leads to the less effective of unmasking via these perceptual cues and difficulty of speech perception. The current project will use the event-related potentials (ERPs) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to study the brain mechanisms underlying the auditory time processing aging in several levels: 1) interaural correlation change evoked cortical potentials (binaural processing), 2) effect of speech-rate time information on the speech evoked cortical potentials, and 3) effect of cross-modality time information on the relevant brain activities. These findings would play a critical role in the systematic investigation and compensation of auditory aging problem.
英文关键词: temporal processing;noisy reverberant;aging;speech perception;brain mechanism