海水养殖的敌害生物――玻璃海鞘（Ciona intestinalis）的快速局域适应的遗传机理研究

项目名称： 海水养殖的敌害生物――玻璃海鞘（Ciona intestinalis）的快速局域适应的遗传机理研究

项目编号： No.31272665

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 农业科学

项目作者： 战爱斌

作者单位： 中国科学院生态环境研究中心

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 从上个世纪初开始，以玻璃海鞘为代表的各种水产养殖的灾害生物在养殖区内肆虐，给水产养殖带来了巨大的经济损失。更严重的是，这些生物在短时间内完成了在不同环境下的栖息地的转换与扩张。到目前为止，玻璃海鞘在世界范围内已经成为公认的水产养殖的敌害生物。其快速的栖息地转换与扩张进一步提示我们深入研究并回答一个科学问题：即玻璃海鞘DNA水平上的哪些突变是引起其在短时间内完成快速局域适应的。本研究拟采用主流分子标记技术（SSRs和SNPs）并结合新型焦磷酸测序技术，从全基因组水平深入研究快速局域适应的遗传学本质，揭示以玻璃海鞘为代表的灾害生物应对环境剧变和栖息地快速转换所涉及的快速微进化过程的分子机理。深入了解快速局域适应的遗传学本质可以为水产养殖相关的灾害防控提供理论指导。同时，在模式生物玻璃海鞘中研究得到的结果又可为水产养殖中的引种及引种后在不同水环境中的育苗和养成提供理论支持。

中文关键词： 生物入侵；微进化；基因组扫描；自然选择；海鞘

英文摘要： Since the beginning of last century, numerous harmful species, such as the vase tunicate Ciona intestinalis, have been raging in aquaculture areas, resulting in huge economic losses to aquaculture. More seriously, these species have been undergoing rapid translocation and range expansion to different environments in a short period of time. Now C. intestinalis has been recognized as one of the major harmful species to aquaculture worldwide. Its rapid range expansion prompts a fundamental scientific question: what mutations in which genes are responsible for the rapid local adaptation? In the present study, we will investigate the genetic mechanisms of rapid local adaptation at the whole genome level based on molecular markers including microsatellites (i.e. SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and next generation pyrosequencing technology. We aim to dissect the complex micro-evolutionary processes associated with rapid range expansion in C. intestinalis. The results are expected to provide basic information for preventing and controlling the further spread of harmful species including C. intestinalis. Additionally, the results obtained in such a model species can provide candidate genes for fast cultivation of introduced species for aquaculture in local environments.

英文关键词： Biological invasion；micro-evolution；genome scan；natural selection；ascidian